The issue of mandatory cycle helmets is highly contentious. The aim of this paper is not to argue for or against legislation but to suggest criteria on which the debate should focus. This is done by attempting to answer the question: 'What criteria must be met before cycle helmet wearing is enforced?' Consideration is given to principles, precedents and consequences and four criteria are sugges...

ne of the hallmarks of expert problem solving is the use of wellfounded problem types or categories when interpreting and responding to situations. Physicians use hierarchies of disease categories to organize their diagnoses of patient ailments. Similarly, attorneys classify cases in terms of the legal principles and precedents involved. Problem types or categories help direct attention to rele...

â  â  â  pragmatic dimension of the contemporary language and principles of curriculum development â â â â â â â  dr. boulaares djemai * â  â  abstract â â â  textbooks have been very significant and valuable for our precedents because education is very significant and through it, everybody can achieve fulfillment. knowledge and its application can be achieved through the person’s interaction...

Companies are now making their know-how and information available over the network using Web services. Business-to-Business collaboration through Web service interaction is now a necessary step to better satisfy user requests. The act of combining Web services to achieve a common goal also known as Web service composition is a complex issue that should be addressed. Many programming languages w...

Enabling the specification of dynamic service-oriented architectures is a key challenge for an Architecture Description Language (ADL). This paper describes π-ADL for WS-Composition, a novel ADL that has its roots in the ArchWare European Project. It is a formal language specially designed for modeling dynamic architectures based on the typed π-calculus. While most ADLs focus on describing stat...

A large number of organizations are currently developing practice guidelines in oncology. These include federal agencies; medical societies and groups, including both oncologic and nononcologic specialty societies; and informal and formal groups of oncologists at the national, regional, and local level. Despite this marked increase in guideline activity, the science of guideline development mus...