Phenolic compounds are widely distributed in the natural environment, typically existing as a mixture at the nanomole or micromole per liter level. Among the phenolic compounds, 4-nonylphenol, 4-t-octylphenol, bisphenol A and 2,4-dichlorophenol attract the most concern due to their abundance and risks in the natural environment. The former three are known as endocrine disruptors causing feminiz...

The ubiquitous occurrence of emerging micropollutants (EMPs) in water is an issue of growing environmental-health concern worldwide. However, there remains a paucity of data regarding their levels and occurrence in water. This study determined the occurrence of EMPs namely: carbamazepine (CBZ), galaxolide (HHCB), caffeine (CAF), tonalide (AHTN), 4-nonylphenol (NP), and bisphenol A (BPA) in wate...

The assessment of mixture effects of estrogenic agents is regarded as an issue of high priority by many governmental agencies and expert decision-making bodies all over the world. However, the few mixture studies published so far have suffered from conceptual and experimental problems and are considered to be inconclusive. Here, we report the results of assessments of two-, three- and four-comp...

The main objective of this study was to collect new data on the occurrence, levels of priority and emerging organic compounds in freshwater fish sampled in the Rhone River. The 34 studied contaminants included alkylphenols, bisphenol A, polybromodiphenylethers (PBDE), perfluorinated compounds, hexabromocyclododecanes (HBCD), hexachlorobenzene and hexachlorobutadiene (HCBD). About 50 fish sample...

Silicone tubes are commonly used as a tool for long-term steroid treatment in animals. However, the release rates of steroids from these tubes have not yet been accurately determined. We measured the amounts of 4-nonylphenol (NP) remaining in tubes implanted in mice to obtain accurate release rates for original amounts of 20 or 1,000 microg NP in silicone tube implants. We achieved an accurate ...

The fate of a comprehensive group of nonylphenol and octylphenol ethoxylates (APEOs) and several of their carboxylated derivatives was studied in three American wastewatertreatment plants (WWTPs), two of which included advanced treatment. Influent and effluent concentrations of the alkylphenolic compounds (APEs) in the three plants were very similar, but effluent concentrations showed a seasona...