Water penetration in many California orchards and vinyards is a serious management problem. Chemical properties of soils related to their aggregate stability and crust strength were measured to determine if one or more properties could be used to predict crusting. None of the measured properties, including aggregate stability, texture, organic matter, and various forms of iron, aluminum, or sil...

Stem maintenance respiration rates were measured in five contrasting balsam fir (Abies balsamea (L.) Mill.) stands. At 15 degrees C, average respiration rates for individual stands ranged from 120 to 235 micro mol m(-3) s(-1) when expressed per unit of sapwood volume, from 0.80 to 1.80 micro mol m(-2) s(-1) when expressed per unit of stem surface area, and from 0.50 to 1.00 micro mol g(-1) s(-1...

this study was performed to investigate the effects of antibiotic, organic acid, probiotic and prebiotic supplementation on performance, egg shell quality, ph value of gastrointestinal (gi) tract and small intestinal morphology of laying hens. the experiment was a completely randomized design with 160 laying hens strain (w-36) from 32 to 42 weeks of age, with five treatments, four replicates an...

the present study evaluated the effects of different dosages herbicides oxyfluorfen and trifluralin on crop properties of garlic, including plant height, number of cloves per bulbs as well as economical and biological yield of garlic. in this research, a randomized complete block design, with seven treatments and three replications, along with a control sample (weeding and no weed control), was...

The extent of the global human footprint [1] limits our understanding of what is natural in the marine environment. Remote, near-pristine areas provide some baseline expectations for biomass [2, 3] and suggest that predators dominate, producing an inverted biomass pyramid. The southern pass of Fakarava atoll-a biosphere reserve in French Polynesia-hosts an average of 600 reef sharks, two to thr...

The proposal that a new foodstuff should be made and used encounters different forms of scepticism from different groups of people. But every proposal will meet scepticism in some form. Although irrational scepticism, or ‘instant opposition’, may in practice be the most troublesome, it may be disregarded in the context of this meeting and the remaining forms may be arranged as a quasi-logical s...