The methylation of Escherichia coli B transfer RNA in vitro by HeLa mitochondrial and cytoplasmic extracts was examined. The following differences were found. (a) The cytoplasmic extract methylated E. coli B tRNA to a much greater extent than did the mitochondrial extract. (b) The two extracts methylated different sites on E. coli B tRNA, thereby generating different methylated oligonucleotide ...

The AlkB enzyme is an Fe(II)- and α-ketoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase that repairs DNA alkyl lesions by a direct reversal of damage mechanism as part of the adaptive response in E. coli. The reported substrate scope of AlkB includes simple DNA alkyl adducts, such as 1-methyladenine, 3-methylcytosine, 3-ethylcytosine, 1-methylguanine, 3-methylthymine, and N(6)-methyladenine, as well as more co...

Photoelectron spectra of adenine-formic acid (AFA(-)) and 9-methyladenine-formic acid (MAFA(-)) anionic complexes have been recorded with 2.540 eV photons. These spectra reveal broad features with maxima at 1.5-1.4 eV that indicate formation of stable valence anions in the gas phase. The neutral and anionic complexes of adenine/9-methyladenine and formic acid were also studied computationally a...

Background: Hyperglycemia is a typical symptom of diabetes. High glucose induces apoptosis islet β cells. While autophagy functions in cytoprotection and autophagic cell death. The interaction between important the modulation function Vitamin B3 can induce inhibit apoptosis.Method: mechanism vitamin B3-mediated protective effect on cells was explored by method western blot, immunofluorescence f...

We have previously reported the isolation of mammalian cell lines expressing the 3-methyladenine DNA glycosylase I (tag) gene from E. coli. These cells are 2-5 fold more resistant to the toxic effects of methylating agents than normal cells (15). Kinetic measurements of 3-methyladenine removal from the genome in situ show a moderate (3-fold) increase in Tag expressing cells relative to normal a...

We investigated the effect of autophagy on drug resistance of multiple myeloma (MM) to doxorubicin (DOX). A DOX-resistant MM cell line (RPMI8226/DOX) was developed by progressively increasing the DOX concentration gradient. The drug resistance index was determined using the MTT method. Transmission electron microscopy, anti-light chain 3-fluorescein isothiocyanate immunofluorescence, and Wester...

Purpose: In this study, we aimed to determine the effects of autophagy inhibitor and activator on Cisplatin (Cis)-induced tissue damage. 
 Materials Methods: A total 24 male Wistar albino rats were divided into 4 groups including 6 per group in study. Groups are as follows; Control, (Cis) (8 mg/kg), Rapamycin (Rapa) (2 3-methyladenine (3-MA) (15 mg/kg). Rapa 3-MA given intraperitoneally fo...

Evidence has demonstrated that aldosterone (Aldo) is involved in the development and progression of chronic kidney diseases. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the role of autophagy in Aldo-induced podocyte damage and the underlying mechanism. Mouse podocytes were treated with Aldo in the presence or absence of 3-methyladenine and N-acetylcysteine. Cell apoptosis was investigat...

Multilamellar bodies (MLBs) are responsible for surfactant secretion in type II alveolar cells but also accumulate in other cell types under pathological conditions, including cancer and lysosomal storage diseases such as Niemann-Pick C (NPC), a congenital disease where defective cholesterol transport leads to its accumulation in lysosomes. Mv1Lu type II alveolar cells transfected with Golgi be...