Iatrogenic injury to the aortic valve is a rare but frequently reported complication during mitral valve surgeries. Intraoperative 2-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography (2D TEE) has a major impact in diagnosing these injuries, so that timely intervention is possible. However, 2D TEE has lot of limitations during the perioperative period, which can be overcome by the three dimensional e...

A two-month-old male infant presented with cardiac heart failure. Two-dimensional (2D) echocardiography showed an anomaly of the left coronary artery (LCA) arising from the pulmonary artery (Fig. 1) with mitral regurgitation (Fig. 2). Three-dimensional (3D) echocardiography was performed to determine left ventricular (LV) volume (i.e., 33, paediatric matrix probe 2—7MHz, Philips). The global an...

BACKGROUND Aortic dilatation is associated with the presence of aortic diseases. Current guidelines for assessing the aortic root (AoR) depend on linear measurements acquired by two-dimensional (2D) echocardiography. We considered that real-time three-dimensional echocardiography, which correlates better with AoR volume obtained by computed tomography, is widely unavailable, and therefore, ther...

The value of transesophageal pulsed Doppler echocardiography (PDE) was studied in six patients with competent mitral valve and in 12 patients with angiographically proved mild to moderately severe mitral regurgitation. The results were compared with those from the standard transthoracic method of investigation. The advantages of the esophageal over the transthoracic approach in the detection of...

BACKGROUND To examine the subclinical myocardial injury shortly after epirubicin exposure in asymptomatic patients with large B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma using 2-dimensional (2D) speckle tracking echocardiography. METHODS Sixty-seven patients aged 52.58 ± 13.86 years with large B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma treated with epirubicin were studied. Echocardiography was performed at baseline and 1 d...

Echocardiography plays a major role in assessing cardiac function in animal models. We investigated use of a modified parasternal mid right-ventricular (MRV) and right ventricle (RV) outflow (RVOT) view, in assessing RV size and function, and the suitability of advanced 2D-strain analysis. 15 WKY rats were examined using transthoracic echocardiography. The left heart was assessed using standard...

of cardiac structures. Image resolution remains a concern for transthoracic 3D imaging, but the recent development of 3D transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) (either real-time or reconstructed) has made this less of an issue. Development of 3D echocardiography has made vast contributions to the understanding of mitral valve function. Although in the majority of patients with mitral stenosis, ...

Today, echocardiography is an essential non-invasive diagnostic imaging tool used in clinics worldwide. However, the application of ultrasound to heart began only about 70 years ago. In early 1950s, Hertz and Edler described use for myocardial walls mitral valve diseases. Feigenbaum (1960s) expanded clinical M-mode echocardiography. The advent two-dimensional (2D) (1970s), spectral Doppler colo...

Three-dimensional (3D) transthoracic echocardiography has advantages over traditional two-dimensional (2D) echocardiography in visualizing tricuspid valve morphology in Ebstein's anomaly. We describe the application of intra-operative 3D transesophageal echocardiography during a tricuspid valve repair procedure in a patient with Ebstein's anomaly. Intra-operatively three-dimensional transesopha...

Background Significant coronary artery stenosis might cause persistently impaired longitudinal left ventricle (LV) function at rest. LV global longitudinal strain (LVGLS) can be accurately assessed by 2D speckle-tracking strain echocardiography(2D-STE). Objective We aimed to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of LV global longitudinal strain obtained by 2D-STE in prediction of severity of CAD. ...