From epidemiological data, based on concordance data in family studies, via linkage analysis to genome-wide association studies, we and others have accumulated robust evidence implicating more than 30 distinct genomic loci involved in the genetic susceptibility to Crohn's disease (CD). These loci encode genes involved in a number of homeostatic mechanisms: innate pattern recognition receptors (...

A balance between Th17 and regulatory T (Treg) cells is critical for immune homeostasis and tolerance. Our previous work has shown Serum- and glucocorticoid-induced kinase 1 (SGK1) is critical for the development and function of Th17 cells. Here, we show that SGK1 restrains the function of Treg cells and reciprocally regulates development of Th17/Treg balance. SGK1 deficiency leads to protectio...

The spondyloarthritides (SpA) are a heterogenous group of rheumatic diseases which are genetically linked. The strongest genetic factors, HLA B27, ERAP-1 and IL-23R, are found at variable rates in subgroups. The new nomenclature differentiates predominantly axial SpA (axSpA) from predominantly peripheral SpA (pSpA). Axial SpA (Ax-SpA) is further classified as classical ankylosing spondylitis (A...

Mutations in the IL23R gene are linked to inflammatory bowel disease susceptibility. Experimental models have shown that interleukin-23 (IL-23) orchestrates innate and T cell-dependent colitis; however, the cell populations it acts on to induce intestinal immune pathology are unknown. Here, using Il23r(-/-) T cells, we demonstrated that T cell reactivity to IL-23 was critical for development of...

IL-23 plays an important role in autoimmune tissue inflammation and induces the generation of not fully characterized effector cells that mediate protection against pathogens. In this paper, we established the essential role of IL-23R in the host response against intracellular pathogens. IL-23 was critical for the expansion or maintenance of gammadelta and double negative (DN) alphabeta T cells...

Due to the large-scale ad hoc deployments and wireless interference, data aggregation is a fundamental but time consuming task in wireless sensor networks. This paper focuses on the latency of data aggregation. Previously, it has been proved that the problem of minimizing the latency of data aggregation is NP-hard [1]. Using maximum independent set and first fit algorithms, in this study we des...

γδ (gamma-delta) T cells, a small population of unconventional T cells, have been found in central nervous system lesions of multiple sclerosis (MS) patients, but their function in disease activity is not clearly understood. Previous studies in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) were inconsistent in identifying their specific roles in suppressing or promoting disease pathogenesis. ...

Phytochemical investigation of the acetone extract from the roots of Aphanamixis polystachya resulted in isolation of four new tetranortriterpenes (1-4) in addition to one protolimonoid (methyl-1ξ,7R-diacetoxy-23R,25-dihydroxy-20S,24R-21,24-epoxy-3,4-seco-apotirucall-4(28),14(15)-diene-3-oate (5)), five known limonoids (rohituka 3 (6), rohituka 7 (7), nymania 1 (8), rubrin G (9), prieurianin (1...

Introduction Up till now, altered balance of Th1 and Th2 immune cells has been postulated to play an important role in the pathogenesis of autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITD). However, recent studies on thyroid diseases suggest a new role for Th17 (T helper 17) cells that have been classified as a new lineage, distinct from Th1, Th2 and Treg cells. Despite wide interest, the role of Th17 cells i...