Voltage-gated Na(+) (Na(v)) channels are responsible for initiating action potentials in excitable cells and are the targets of local anesthetics (LA). The LA receptor is localized to the cytoplasmic pore mouth formed by the S6 segments from all four domains (DI-DIV) but several outer pore-lining residues have also been shown to influence LA block (albeit somewhat modestly). Many of the reporte...

In recent years, use of lumpfish (Cyclopterus lumpus L.) as cleaner-fish to remove sea-lice have been chosen by many salmon farmers in Europe and Canada as an alternative to medical treatment, which has led to large scale production of lumpfish. At present, there is limited knowledge of how lumpfish respond upon anaesthesia, which anaesthetics and concentrations that are efficient and condition...

the effects of three  anesthetics, clove oil (co) ( 30 mgl-1), 2-phenoxy ethanol (2-pe) (0.3 mll-1), and ms-222 (100 mgl-1) were examined on blood enzymes including lactate dehydrogenase (ldh), creatine kinase (ck), alanine aminotransferase (alt), aspartate aminotransferase (ast), albumin, glucose, and cortisol levels in the caspian brown trout. blood parameters were evaluated in the control (n...

MicroRNAs (miRNAs and miRs) are endogenous 19-22 nucleotide, small noncoding RNAs with highly conservative and tissue specific expression. They can negatively modulate target gene expressions through decreasing transcription or posttranscriptional inducing mRNA decay. Increasing evidence suggests that deregulated miRNAs play an important role in the genesis of cardiovascular diseases. Additiona...

A new species of torque teno mini virus, named TTMV-222, was detected in gingival tissue from periodontitis patients using a viral metagenomics method. The 2803-nucleotide genome of TTMV-222 is closely related to TTMV1-CBD279, with 62.6% overall nucleotide similarity. Genetic analyses of the new virus genome revealed a classic genomic organization but a weak identity with known sequences. The p...

This study evaluated the effect of different concentrations (20, 40 and 60 mg/L) 3-aminobenzoic acid ethyl ester methanesulfonate (MS-222) on quality changes in turbot during simulated transport water. The results showed that ammonia nitrogen content transportation water each sample increased significantly, dissolved oxygen level decreased. MS-222-treated samples was higher than control group (...