A new method, the ‘read speech normalization' method (RSN), is proposed by which the variability of prosodic parameters (rhythmic durational and intonation) can be compared across different conditions of spontaneous speech. In an experiment using a customized variety of the map task method, spontaneous speech was elicited from two speakers of English in a formal and an informal situation. Sente...

In the new standards for WLAN security, many choices exist for the authentication process. In this paper, we list eight desired properties of WLAN authentication protocols, survey eight recent authentication protocols, and analyze the protocols according to the desired properties.

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are versatile molecules mediating a variety of cellular responses in plant cells, including programmed cell death (PCD), development, gravitropism, and hormonesignaling. A picture showing how ROS function in signal transduction networks has started to emerge as the result of recent studies providing genetic, cell biological, and physiological evidence describing ro...

Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are flame retardant chemicals that are now considered a new class of persistent organic pollutants. Over the past thirty years, the levels of PBDEs have been increasing rapidly in a variety of environmental compartments and in human tissues (Hites 2004). Presently, two of the three commercial mixtures of PBDEs (pentaBDE and octaBDE) are either banned from ...

the potential sources of cr (vi) are various effluents from metallurgy, electroplating, leather tanning, textile dyeing, paint, ink, and aluminum manufacturing industries. these industrial effluents can contain cr (vi), in the concentration range of 10 to 100 mg/l (nakano et al 2000), which is much higher than the standard limit; 0.5 mg/l in industrial wastewater (epa). in aqueous systems, chro...

Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation status of lung cancer is important because it indicates induction of EGFR-TKI (tyrosine kinase inhibitor) treatment. EGFR mutation has been reported to be strongly related with never-smoker, female, adenocarcinoma and Asians (Lynch et al., 2004; Paez et al., 2004; Pao et al., 2004). There is a striking difference in the frequency of EGFR mutation...

We explore the large angular scale temperature anisotropies in the cosmic microwave background (CMB) due to homogeneous local dust-filled voids in a flat Friedmann-Robertson-Walker universe with a cosmological constant. In comparison with the equivalent dust-filled void model in the Einstein-de Sitter background, we find that the anisotropy for compensated asymptotically expanding local voids c...

The variation in animal mating systems has received a great deal of attention from behaviorists and evolutionary biologists alike (Shuster & Wade 2003). Polyandry, the mating of a single female with multiple males, is evolutionarily derived (Hughes et al. 2008) and relatively rare in social insects (Strassmann 2001). Modest polyandry has evolved in Vespula wasps (Ross 1986; Foster & Ratnieks 20...