in management, the monitoring means systematic collection and storage of data from activities and strategies that provide assessment and report about the overall condition of the study area. in this research, among different existing methods, imdpa model was selected for monitoring desertification in garmsar plain. based on the study area two criteria including agriculture and water were select...

Fine particulate air pollution has been associated with increases in long-term mortality in selected cohort studies, and this association has been influential in the establishment of air quality regulations for fine particles (PM(2.5)). However, this epidemiologic evidence has been questioned because of methodological issues, conflicting findings, and lack of an accepted causal mechanism. To fu...

BACKGROUND Because total prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and, more recently, the percent free PSA are used to screen men for prostate cancer, population-based, age- and race-specific distributions are needed of both PSA tests among American men to estimate the effect of lowering the PSA threshold or widespread introduction of the free PSA test as an additional screening test. METHODS We did P...

Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) is one of the primary immunodeficiency diseases that occur in both children and adults. We present here a nationwide, population-based epidemiological study of CVID across all ages in Taiwan during 2002-2011. Using the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision code 279.06, cases of CVID were identified from Taiwan's National Health Insuranc...

PURPOSE To assess the trends in pars plana vitrectomy surgery rates and factors affecting rate change between 2002 and 2013 in South Korea. METHODS Data from National Health Insurance Service-National Sample Cohort 2002-2013, which represents 1,025,340 samples with a sampling rate of 2.2% from the total eligible Korean population, was analyzed. RESULTS A total of 3,816 vitrectomy procedures...

this study aimed to observe the protective effects of sufentanil pretreatment on rat cerebral injury during cardiopulmonary bypass (cpb) and to explore the underlying mechanism. twenty-four male adult sprague dawley (sd) rats were divided into 4 groups. then, the rat cpb model was established. a 14g trocar was inserted into the atrium dextrum. for rats in s1 and s5 groups, sufentanil (1 µg•kg-1...