Herein, the synthesis of methylammonium-free and bromide-free CsxFA1?xPbI3 (FA for formamidinium) perovskite (PVK) photovoltaic layers with intrinsic outstanding properties in terms crystallinity, defect waiving/passivation, ionic mobility blocking by using a coadditives approach is described. It consists mixing two chloride additives PVK precursor solution: potassium (KCl) ammonium (NH4Cl). KC...

The role of cation and anion uptake in salt-stimulated growth of light-grown, GA(3)-treated lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) hypocotyl sections was investigated. Potassium chloride (10 mm) causes a 2-fold increase in the growth rate of GA(3)-treated hypocotyl sections without affecting the growth rate of sections incubated in the absence of GA(3). Salt uptake is the same in both treatments, and furt...

A phthalate density-separation technique has been used to study the heterogeneity of dog red blood cells that becomes manifest when they are suspended in KCl media. It is demonstrated that the proportions of cells that separate into light and dense fractions can be varied by altering the tonicity of the KCl medium. This results from the fact that the Na and K permeabilities of each cell are con...

To determine whether neurophysiological responses to salts change differentially or in parallel during long recording sessions after nerve transection, we recorded from the cut chorda tympani nerve in rats while stimulating the anterior tongue with NaCl, LiCl, NH4Cl and KCl. In nerve preparations that were not disturbed once recording began, responses were maintained at or above initial magnitu...

The effect of KCl on the adsorption of phenol, toluene, and benzene on activated carbon, with different degrees of surface oxygenation, was investigated. Different trends of salt effect were observed for each compound. The observed KCl effects were interpreted on the basis of electrical charge neutralization on the carbon surface and the adsorbate molecules, water adsorption, and the “salt out”...

This study demonstrates the fabrication of κ-carrageenan fibers by a wet-spinning method and discusses three important spinning parameters: coagulation bath composition, spinning rate and post-spinning mechanical drawing. The as-spun fiber diameter decreased with KCl and ethanol concentration in the coagulation bath. In general, the ultimate tensile stress and elongation at break both increased...

We report experimental measurements of the salt dependence of ion transport and DNA translocation through solid-state nanopores. The ionic conductance shows a three-order-of-magnitude decrease with decreasing salt concentrations from 1 M to 1 muM, strongly deviating from bulk linear behavior. The data are described by a model that accounts for a salt-dependent surface charge of the pore. Subseq...

In vitro transcription elongation, in HeLa whole cell extract, is partially blocked at the Ad2 and synthetic (8 Ts) attenuation sites when transcription elongation is performed at increasing KCl concentrations (0.2-0.5 M KCl) but not at the standard KCl concentration (50 mM). Furthermore, if briefly initiated transcription complexes are chromatographed on Sephacryl column at increased KCl conce...

BACKGROUND The cellular basis for the monophasic action potential (MAP) has long been a matter of debate. At the center of the controversy is the issue as to which of the two electrodes is the recording electrode and which is the indifferent electrode. The present study is designed to address this issue. METHODS Transmembrane action potentials (TAPs) and either intramural MAPs or contact (Fra...

Analyses of the binding of tropomyosin to muscle and Acanthamoeba actin by the use of Scatchard plots indicate that the binding exhibits strong positive cooperativity in the presence of Mg2+. The cooperative nature of the binding is not affected by the presence of 80 mm KCl, but appears to decrease somewhat in the presence of heavy meromyosin or subfragment-1. Heavy meromyosin, subfragment-1, a...