The virulence of many Gram-positive bacteria depends on cholesterol-dependent cytolysins (CDCs), which form pores in eukaryotic cell plasma membranes. Pyolysin (PLO) from Trueperella pyogenes provided a unique opportunity to explore cellular responses to CDCs because it does not require thiol activation. Sublytic concentrations of PLO stimulated phosphorylation of MAPK ERK and p38 in primary st...

An efficient synthesis of the 1-hydroxy-2-(prop-2'-enyl)9-anthrone is described. Selective nitration of anthraquinone, reduction to the corresponding amine, diazotization and treatment by sulfuric acid solution afforded the 1-hydroxy-9,10-anthraquinone in good yield as the key intermediate. Reaction with allyl bromide/K2CO3 and subsequent selective reduction accompanie...

Tiles are rewrite rules with side e ects, reminiscent of both Plotkin SOS and Meseguer rewriting logic rules. They are well suited for modeling coordination languages, since they can be composed both statically and dynamically via possibly complex synchronization and workow mechanisms. In this paper, we give a tile-based bisimilarity semantics for the asynchronous -calculus of Honda and Tokoro ...