Glutathione S-transferase1, GSTM1, belongs to a superfamily of glutathione S-transferases that metabolizes a broad range of reactive oxygen species and xenobiotics. Across species, genetic variants that result in decreased expression of the Gstm1 gene are associated with increased susceptibility for vascular diseases, including atherosclerosis in humans. We previously identified Gstm1 as a posi...

INTRODUCTION Diabetic nephropathy is the leading cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end-stage renal disease.1 It is characterized by initial hyperfiltration, albuminuria, thickening of the basement-membranes, expansion of the mesangial matrix, and subsequent loss of kidney function.2 Reactive oxygen species (ROS) include superoxide anion, hydrogen peroxide, and hydroxyl radical. Reactive...

Yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is one of the simplest eukaryotic model organisms to study various parameters ethanol tolerance and has attracted a huge consideration for cost-conscious production bioethanol by fermentation soluble sugars. Ethanol crucial efficient from S. cerevisiae. In this study, we examined role HAL5 protein kinase in comparing cell growth, survival, stress responses wild-ty...

Extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERKs), also known as mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases, are rapidly phosphorylated and activated in response to a number of external factors which promote growth and differentiation (T. G. Boulton, S. H. Nye, D. J. Robbins, N. Y. Ip, E. Radziejewska, S. D. Morgenbesser, R. A. DePinho, N. Panayotatos, M. H. Cobb, and G. D. Yancopoulos, Cell, 65: 663-...

The factors that limit the stability of adenylate kinase and acetate kinase in solution have been examined and compared with those that determine stability under conditions encountered during photochemically initiated polymer gel formation in solutions of acrylamide and N,N'-methylene-bisacrylamide. Both adenylate kinase (from rabbit and pig muscle) and acetate kinase (from E. Coli) contain cys...

Cardiovascular diseases are among the leading causes of death worldwide, imposing major health threats. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) one most important products from process redox reactions. In onset and progression cardiovascular diseases, ROS believed to heavily influence homeostasis lipids, proteins, DNA, mitochondria, energy metabolism. As production increases, heart is damaged, further RO...