the brain (Artola and Singer, 1993; Linden, 1994). In most cases, the opposite process, i.e. long-term potentiation (LTP) (Bliss and Collingridge, 1993), is present at the same synapses. Most theories on the functional role of LTD in such neurons assume that LTD acts by resetting synapses that have undergone LTP (Tsumoto, 1993; Linden, 1994). In the cerebellum, however, LTD of the parallel fibe...