Although great universiti es have always been internati onal insti tuti ons, states have emphasized nati onal responsibility for schooling ever since popular educati on began to develop in the 18th and 19th centuries. Countries consider that educati on is a vital element in their cultural, economic and social development. More recently, the shared percepti on that educati on systems are increas...

This paper presents the completed series of life tables from 1751 to 1995 that was used in identifying the four stages of mortality transition in Finland, separated by the years 1880, 1945, and 1970. The series documents all the different stages of mortality transition from high to low levels in an originally agricultural country experiencing many wars, famines, and other crises, as well as ma...

Many cultivars of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.), the most popular leafy vegetable, are susceptible to downy mildew disease caused by Bremia lactucae. Cultivars Iceberg and Grand Rapids that were released in the 18th and 19th centuries, respectively, have high levels of quantitative resistance to downy mildew. We developed a population of recombinant inbred lines (RILs) originating from a cross be...

The domestic pig originates from the Eurasian wild boar (Sus scrofa). We have sequenced mitochondrial DNA and nuclear genes from wild and domestic pigs from Asia and Europe. Clear evidence was obtained for domestication to have occurred independently from wild boar subspecies in Europe and Asia. The time since divergence of the ancestral forms was estimated at approximately 500,000 years, well ...

Histrionic Personality Disorder is one of the most ambiguous diagnostic categories in psychiatry. Hysteria is a classical term that includes a wide variety of psychopathological states. Ancient Egyptians and Greeks blamed a displaced womb, for many women's afflictions. Several researchers from the 18th and 19th centuries studied this theme, namely, Charcot who defined hysteria as a "neurosis" w...

Sir,?There are a number of valuable old medical books, printed in various countries of Europe in the 18th and 19th centuries, lying unknown and unutilized in India and gradually disappearing or disintegrating. The Government of India have recently approved of a scheme to search for salvage and examine the old medical books in various libraries in India with a view to preparing a special catalog...

Most towns in this country have produced distinguished sons who have made valuable contributions to art and science in their time. Plymouth is no exception. This paper deals with some names, well-known or less recognised, who practised medicine and surgery in Plymouth during the 17th, 18th and 19th centuries. Nearly all were Plymouth men, a few came from outside and one or two made their names ...

We describe a method for efficient indexing and retrieval of words in collections of document images. The approach is based on two main principles: unsupervised prototype clustering, and string encoding for efficient string matching. During indexing, a self organizing map (SOM) is trained so as to cluster together similar symbols (character-like objects) in a sub-set of the documents to be stor...

The essay analyzes the ambivalent response of some major Anglo-American artists and writers to Roman cultural context, focusing, in particular, on their reaction classical neoclassical sculpture. In 18th 19th centuries, Rome was often interpreted as “the city statues,” an image that shared by visual (B. West, W. Allston, H. Greenough, T. Crawford, Story, G. Hosmer) novelists like Melville, Hawt...