population in all countries plays a fundamental role in economic growth and economic development. but besides absolute size and growth rate of population, the more important factor will be “age structure” or “age distribution” of population, because it can be as source of many economical, social, and political challenges. in this research, we investigate effect of changes in population shares i...

exchange rate and national income of countries trading with each other are among the most important factors affecting each country's trade. considering the political and economic ties between iran and venezuela in recent years, the goal of this paper was to investigate the effect of exchange rate volatility on exports of iran to venezuela. data used in this research include annual data for...

Agricultural trade significantly promotes the economic boom in developing countries. Extensive traditional agricultural production methods have increased pressure on environment by expanding trade, which has attracted attention of many scholars. This study aims to empirically examine impacts growth and environmental pollution Bangladesh from 1972 2019, using an Auto Regressive Distributed Lag (...

The role of institutions in both the inflow and impact foreign direct investment is great im¬portance. quality a country can towards improving growth. This paper analyzes individual combined effect on economic growth Ghana. used Auto Regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) tech¬nique for secondary data obtained from 1995 to 2019. All series, except institution index, were drawn World Bank Development...

the purpose of this study is to investigate the role of oil, natural gas and coal consumption in iran’s economic growth during the periods from 1980 to 2012. the stationary analysis is performed by using adf and phillips-perron unit root test and auto-regressive distributed lag (ardl) approach was used to test for co-integration between the variables. the findings show that the variables are co...