Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing proteins (Nods) are intracellular pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) that recognize conserved moieties of bacterial peptidoglycan and activate downstream signaling pathways, including NF-kappaB pathway. Here, we show that Nod2 agonist muramyldipeptide (MDP) induces Akt phosphorylation in time and dose-dependent manner. The pharmacological i...

conclusion the determination of the presence of mb2 in the maxillary first molars may be carried out using cbct scans. if the ∠mdp was 91 degrees or greater, there was considered to be a higher probability that mb2 canals would be found in the endodontic cavity. due to the positive correlation between the ∠mdp and the ∠mdmb2, the localization of mb2 canals may be easily performed in relation to...

Many protocols in methylation studies utilize one primer set to generate a PCR product from bisulfite modified template regardless of its methylation status (methylation independent amplification MIP). However, proportional amplification of methylated and unmethylated alleles is hard to achieve due to PCR bias favoring amplification of unmethylated relatively GC poor sequence. Two primer design...

PCR Conditions: The PCR reaction is carried out in a total volume of 50 /*1 containing approximately 250 ng DNA, 2 units Taq DNA polymerase, 50 pmol of each primer, 200 /M dNTP's, 10 mM Tris-HCl pH 8.3, 50 mM KC1, 1.5 mM MgCl2, 0.001% gelatin. The amplification is performed for 30 cycles with an annealing temperature of 60°C. The amplified product is digested with TaqI and the DNA fragments are...

The "megaprimer" method (1) based on polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is one of the simplest and most versatile procedures of site-specific in vitro mutagenesis available to date. The method utilizes three oligonucleotide primers and two rounds of PCR performed on a DNA template containing the cloned gene that is to be mutated. The rationale of the method is shown schematically in Fig. 1 where A...

OBJECTIVE Recurrent caries at the margins is a primary reason for restoration failure. The objectives of this study were to develop bonding agent with the double benefits of antibacterial and remineralizing capabilities, to investigate the effects of NACP filler level and solution pH on Ca and P ion release from adhesive, and to examine the antibacterial and dentin bond properties. METHODS Na...

The problem of autonomous vehicle navigation between lanes, around obstacles and towards a short term goal can be solved using Reinforcement Learning. The multi-lane road ahead of a vehicle may be represented by a Markov Decision Process (MDP) grid-world containing positive and negative rewards, allowing for practical computation of an optimal path using either value iteration (VI) or policy it...