We draw on a series of in-depth interviews with senior fund managers and senior company executives to explore how different and often-contradictory conceptualizations of institutional investors, their role in the corporate governance process, and their interactions with corporate management, are reflected in the attitudes and perceptions of the actors concerned. We find that while conceptualiza...

today, every enterprise needs to have its own business model. a business model explains what exactly the costumers want, how they want it and how the company can satisfy them. this can actually leads to the industry's competitive advantages and help the enterprises to revive them. in the late decades the prevalence of e-commerce leads it to be known as a tool to organize the business and s...

background quality improvement should be assigned as the main mission for healthcare providers. clinical governance (cg) is used not only as a strategy focusing on responding to public and government’s intolerance of poor healthcare standards, but also it is implemented for quality improvement in a number of countries. this study aims to identify the key contributing factors in the implementati...

Diagnosing Discrimination: Stock Returns and CEO Gender A vast labor literature has found evidence of a “glass ceiling”, whereby women are underrepresented among senior management. A key question remains the extent to which this reflects unobserved differences in productivity, preferences, prejudice, or systematically biased beliefs about the ability of female managers. Disentangling these theo...

introduction: the quality of financial reports is measured by accruals, and these accruals can be manipulated by managers. therefore, managers by manipulating the accruals can affect the quality of financial reports. in this research, a new non-financial element has been considered as manager's ability, and its goal is to investigate the effect of manager's ability on the relationship between t...