Due to enhanced energy content and reduced hygroscopicity compared with ethanol, n-butanol is flagged as the next generation biofuel and platform chemical. In addition to conventional cellular systems, n-butanol bioproduction by enzyme cascades is gaining momentum due to simplified process control. In contrast to other bio-based alcohols like ethanol and isobutanol, cell-free n-butanol biosynth...

The Au atom in the C2-symmetric pincer-type title complex, [AuCl(C(19)H(23)N(5))], is in the +3 oxidation state. The ligand is composed of one pyridine unit and two n-butyl-substituted pyrazoles (pyrz). Both pyrazoles are deprotonated, thus forming a neutral compound. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first Au(III)-bis-pyrazolate complex. According to the special geometry in the N,N',N'...

Olfactory sensitivity varies between individuals. However, data regarding cross-cultural and inter-group differences are scarce. We compared the thresholds of odor detection of the traditional society of Tsimane' (native Amazonians of the Bolivian rainforest; n = 151) and people living in Dresden (Germany; n = 286) using "Sniffin' Sticks" threshold subtest. Tsimane' detected n-butanol at signif...

Butyribacterium methylotrophicum DSM 3468T is an acetogenic methylotrophic, anaerobic, carbon monoxide-oxidizing bacterium that produces acetate, butyrate, and butanol. The genome consists of a single chromosome (4.3 Mb) and harbors 3,989 predicted protein-encoding genes.

The double polarization observable E and the helicity dependent cross sections σ_{1/2} and σ_{3/2} were measured for η photoproduction from quasifree protons and neutrons. The circularly polarized tagged photon beam of the A2 experiment at the Mainz MAMI accelerator was used in combination with a longitudinally polarized deuterated butanol target. The almost 4π detector setup of the Crystal Bal...

The spatial distribution of species within an aerosol droplet influences how it interacts with its environment. Despite the ubiquity of multicomponent nanodroplets in natural and technological aerosols, there are no published measurements of their internal structure. Here, we report the first experimental results for structure in aqueous organic nanodroplets based on small angle neutron scatter...

BACKGROUND Though butanol is considered as a potential biofuel, its toxicity toward microorganisms is the main bottleneck for the biological butanol production. Recently, butanol-tolerant bacteria have been proposed as alternative butanol production hosts overcoming the end product inhibition. One remaining key issue to be addressed is how physicochemical properties such as pH and temperature a...

We have measured the nucleation conditions of n-propanol, n-butanol, and n-pentanol in a supersonic Laval nozzle, and estimated that the maximum nucleation rate J is 5 x 10(16) cm(-3) s(-1) with an uncertainty factor of 2. Plotting the vapor pressures p(J(max) ) and temperatures T(J(max) ) corresponding to the maximum nucleation rate as ln(p) versus 1T, produces a series of well separated strai...

1-Butanol is a potential bio-based fermentation product obtained from cellulosic biomass. As value-added chemical, 2-ethyl-1-hexanol (2-EH) can be produced by Guerbet conversion 1-butanol. This work reports the enhanced catalytic reaction of 1-butanol to 2-EH series Cp*Ir complexes (Cp*: 1,2,3,4,5-pentamethylcyclopenta-1,3-diene) coordinated bipyridine-type ligands bearing an ortho-hydroxypyrid...