Cellular adaptation to hypoxia occurs via a complex programme of gene expression mediated by the hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF). The oxygen labile alpha subunits, HIF-1α/-2α, form a heterodimeric transcription factor with HIF-1β and modulate gene expression. HIF-1α and HIF-2α possess similar domain structure and bind to the same consensus sequence. However, they have different oxygen-dependent ...

<b>Objectives: </b>The molecular biology revolution has emerged with the determination that bone tissue is an endocrine organ regulates many physiological processes, and osteocalcin (OCN), osteoblast-derived protein provides control, a hormone glucose energy homeostasis. By controlling gene expression in β-cells adipocytes, OCN improves intolerance, obesity, insulin expression. In a...

The Gibberella fujikuroi species complex with Fusarium anamorphs is the causal of diverse diseases of many important plants. Many of the known species in this species complex produce a wide range of secondary metabolites. In this study, morphological characteristics of 46 isolates from rice, maize, sugarcane and onion and phylogenetic relationships of 22 isolates on the basis of ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 ...

The cellular response to hypoxia is regulated by hypoxia-inducible factor-1α and -2α (HIF-1α and -2α). We have discovered that filamin A (FLNA), a large cytoskeletal actin-binding protein, physically interacts with HIF-1α and promotes tumor growth and angiogenesis. Hypoxia induces a calpain-dependent cleavage of FLNA to generate a naturally occurring C-terminal fragment that accumulates in the ...

Adiponectin enhances mitochondrial biogenesis and oxidative metabolism in skeletal muscle. This study aimed to investigate the underlying mechanisms through which adiponectin induces mitochondrial biogenesis in skeletal muscle. Mitochondrial contents, expression, and activation status of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and PPARγ coactivator 1α (PGC-1α) were compared between skeletal...

Hypoxia inducible factors (HIFs) are transcription factors, which are commonly expressed in mammals, including humans. The HIFs consist of hypoxia-regulated α and oxygen-insensitive β subunits, and are key regulators of gene expression during hypoxia in normal and solid tumor tissues. Three members of the HIF family, HIF-1α, HIF-2α, and HIF-3α, are currently known. HIF-3α differs from HIF-1α an...

11β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11β-HSD1) is involved in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes by generating active glucocorticoids (cortisol and corticosterone) that are strong inhibitors of angiogenesis. However, the mechanism of 11β-HSD1 gene expression and its relationship to adipose angiogenesis are largely unknown. To address this issue, we examined 11β-HSD1 expression in visceral ...

BACKGROUND The veined rapa whelk Rapana venosa is an important commercial shellfish in China and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) has become the standard method to study gene expression in R. venosa. For accurate and reliable gene expression results, qRT-PCR assays require housekeeping genes as internal controls, which display highly uniform expression in different tissues or stages of deve...