In this study, the kinetics of the acid catalyzed hydrolysis of microcrystalline cellulose (Avicel PH101) to levulinic (LA) and formic (FA) acids was investigated in a batch reactor over the following range of conditions: 160–200 C, hydrochloric acid concentrations of 0.309–0.927 M (11.3–33.8 g/l), cellulose concentrations of 49.8–149 mM (8.06–24.1 g/l), and residence times of 0–50 min. The max...

Introduction ‘Count genes, not calories’ was the title of a nutrition article in the Financial Times of Friday, 13 June 2003. It referred to the results of the Human Genome Project and the discovery of our 35 000 genes, whose functions are currently both known and unknown. It also mentioned the study that painstakingly and systematically analysed all 17 000 genes of the Caenorhabditis elegans w...

The goal of operational Business Intelligence (BI) is to help organizations improve the efficiency of their business by giving every “operational worker” insights needed to make better operational decisions, and aligning day-to-day operations with strategic goals. Operational BI reporting contributes to this goal by embedding analytics and reporting information into workflow applications so tha...

Acinetobacter glutaminase-asparaginase was chemically modified by succinylation and glycosylation with glycopeptides from human fibrin and gamma-globulin. These modifications markedly prolonged the half-lives of the enzyme in mice, rats, and rabbits. The plasma half-life in mice increased with decreasing isoelectric point. Glycosylation caused greater prolongation in rodents than succinylation....

We performed a spectral analysis of the EUVE spectrum and ROSAT data of the unique object H1504+65, which is an extremely hot post-AGB star entering the white dwarf cooling sequence. It is the only pre-white dwarf known, whose surface is free of hydrogen and helium, hence, it represents the bare core of a former AGB star. The EUV spectrum (75–150Å) is dominated by strong O VI lines and we can i...

The effect of backpulsing, into the permeate space of a 2.5 inch spiral wrap membrane, on the prevention of fouling (flux enhancement) was investigated experimentally. These experiments were performed using a 500 mg∙l-1 dextrin solution and a 100 000 MCWO polypropylene membrane, with a feed pressure of 100 kPa and a cross-flow rate of 1 000 l∙h-1. Experimental results showed that a backpulse wi...

Photography with electronic-flasli lamps has become such a commonplace in recent years, among_stamateurs as well as professionals, that these lamps now rival in importance the older combustion-type flash bulbs. This is evident from the fact that the annual world production of electronic-flash units has been roughly half a m_illion over the past five years. Assuming that each outfit is used on t...

Motivation Biodiversity databases now comprise hundreds of thousands of sequences and trait records. For example, the Open Tree of Life includes over 1 491 000 metazoan and over 300 000 bacterial taxa. These data provide unique opportunities for analysis of phylogenetic trait distribution and reconstruction of ancestral biodiversity. However, existing tools for comparative phylogenetics scale p...

Ferritin was isolated from the seeds of pea (Pisum sativum) and lentil (Lens esculenta). The homogeneity of the phytoferritins was established by polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis. The subunit molecular weights were respectively 20 300 and 21 400 for hte pea and lentil proteins. A neutron low-angle scattering study established the molecular weight of the oligomer as 480 000 for pea apoferritin...

We have discovered lines of highly ionized fluorine (F  and F ) in the far-UV spectra of extremely hot (Teff=85 000–150 000 K) post-AGB stars. Our sample comprises H-rich central stars of planetary nebulae as well as H-deficient PG1159 stars. We performed non-LTE calculations and find strong F overabundances (up to 10−4 by mass, i.e., 250 times solar) in a number of PG1159 stars, while F is ...