BACKGROUND Menopausal hormone therapy to prevent chronic conditions is currently not recommended because of its adverse effects. PURPOSE To update evidence about the effectiveness of hormone therapy in reducing risk for chronic conditions and adverse effects, and to examine whether outcomes vary among women in different subgroups. DATA SOURCES MEDLINE (January 2002 to November 2011), Cochra...

We have produced annual estimates of national and global gas flaring and gas flaring efficiency from 1994 through 2008 using low light imaging data acquired by the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP). Gas flaring is a widely used practice for the disposal of associated gas in oil production and processing facilities where there is insufficient infrastructure for utilization of the g...

The authors describe the experience gained with nutrition for participants of ski transitions over drifting ice of the Arctic, organized by the newspaper "Komsomolskaya Pravda" in 1972, 1976 and 1979, including a 76-day transition towards the North Pole. Use was made of dehydrated products with a daily diet mass of 800-3300 g per man, in which fat content was 40-45% of total caloricity, and tha...

There is a paucity of data on incidence, prevalence and mortality associated with non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis.Using the Clinical Practice Research Datalink for participants registered between January 1, 2004 and December 31, 2013, we determined incidence, prevalence and mortality associated with bronchiectasis in the UK and investigated changes over time.The incidence and point prevalenc...

Nomenclature A Aperture area of the antenna (square meters) D Diameter of antenna aperture (meters) Ef Gravitational potential energy due to film (Joules) Ep Hydrostatic pressure potential energy (Joules) ET Total energy of the inflatable reflector system (Joules) F Focal length of antenna (meters) G Effective antenna gain GI Ideal antenna gain g Acceleration due to gravity (meters per square s...

In this issue, Arntz and colleagues published an interesting report on the daily (circadian), weekly (circaseptan) and monthly (circannual) variation in the occurrence of sudden death in West Berlin during the 5-year period from 1987 to 1991. The city of West Berlin, with about 2 million inhabitants, offered a unique opportunity of studying a population that was clearly defined within ‘the Wall...

A considerable contribution to the worlds total GHG emission originates from gas flaring: According to a World Bank estimation an amount of around 150 billion cubic meters of natural gas is flared around the world annually, contaminating the environment with 400 million tons of CO2. This is equivalent to around 25 % of the United States’ gas consumption, or 30 % of gas consumption in the Europe...

The saturating photon flux density (400 to 700 nanometers) for induction of flowering of the long day plant Anagallis arvensis L. was 1,900 micromoles per square meter per second (6,000 foot-candles) when an 8-hour daylength was extended to 24 hours by a single period of supplementary irradiation. The saturating photon flux density for photosynthetic CO(2) uptake during the same single suppleme...

BACKGROUND Most glucose meter comparisons to date have focused on performance specifications likely to impact subcutaneous dosing of insulin. We evaluated four hospital-based glucose meter technologies for accuracy, precision, and analytical interferences likely to be encountered in critically ill patients, with the goal of identifying and discriminating glucose meter performance specifications...