The efficacy of the current non-surgical treatments for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains limited and novel treatments are required to improve patient outcomes. The majority of HCCs develop from chronically damaged tissue that contains a high degree of inflammation and fibrosis, which promotes tumor progression and resistance to therapy. Understanding the interaction between strom...

The human CXCR-4 molecule serves as a second receptor for primary, T-cell-tropic, and laboratory-adapted human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) isolates. Here we show that murine CXCR-4 can support the entry of some of these HIV-1 isolates. Differences between mouse and human CXCR-4 in the ability to function as an HIV-1 receptor are determined by sequences in the second extracellular loop...

Epithelial ovarian cancer cells express the chemokine receptor, CXCR4, which may be associated with increased survival and metastatic potential, but the regulation of this receptor is not understood. The inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor-A (TNF-A) is found in ovarian cancer biopsies and is associated with increased tumor grade. In this report, we show that CXCR4 expression on human ep...

BACKGROUND Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (IHCC) is the second most frequent primary malignant liver tumor following hepatocellular carcinoma. It is a highly fatal disease and has few therapeutics. The CXC chemokine ligand-12 (CXCL12)/CXC chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4) axis has been shown to be involved in tumorgenesis, proliferation, and angiogenesis in a variety of cancers including IHCC....

C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4) is known to regulate lung, pancreatic and prostate cancer stem cells. In breast cancer, CXCR4 signalling has been reported to be a mediator of metastasis, and is linked to poor prognosis. However its role in normal and malignant breast stem cell function has not been investigated. Anoikis resistant (AR) cells were collected from immortalised (MCF10A, 226L...

The chemokine receptor CXCR4 is activated by its unique chemokine ligand CXCL12 and regulates many physiological and developmental processes such as hematopoietic cell trafficking. CXCR4 is also one of the main co-receptors for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) entry. Dysfunction of the CXCL12/CXCR4 axis contributes to several human pathologies, including cancer and inflammatory diseases. Cons...

The chemokine receptor CXCR4 is associated with the biological behavior of cancer, but few studies have addressed the expression and function of CXCR4 in human gastric cancer and its impact on disease prognosis. We studied the expression of CXCR4 using RT-PCR, Western blotting, flow cytometry, and confocal microscopy in five gastric cancer cell lines. We also examined cell proliferation, migrat...

CXCR4 chemokine receptors retain hematopoietic progenitors and leukemia cells within the marrow microenvironment. We prospectively evaluated the prognostic implication of CXCR4 in 90 consecutive patients with acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) by flow cytometry. Patients were divided into groups with low (n=32), intermediate (n=26), or high (n=32) CXCR4 expression, as defined by CXCR4 mean fluore...

In the present study, we show that IL-2, IL-4, IL-7, and IL-15 are able to induce functional CXCR4 surface expression on resting in vitro-generated CD4+ CXCR4- CCR7+ memory T cells. Cytokine-mediated induction of CXCR4 expression was associated with an increase in CXCR4 transcription, enhanced stromal-derived factor-1-induced T cell migration in vitro, and increased susceptibility of these cell...

The CXCR4/SDF-1 axis has been studied extensively because of its role in development and hematopoiesis. In acute myeloid leukemia (AML), elevated expression of CXCR4 has been shown to correlate with shortened survival. Hy-poxia increases CXCR4 in several tumor models, but the impact of reduced O(2) partial pressure (pO(2)) on expression and biologic function of CXCR4 in AML is unknown. We deter...