objective(s): in the present study, c57bl/6 female mice (n=56) were used to explore the neuroprotective effects of riboflavin in motor disability of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (eae) as a model of multiple sclerosis. materials and methods: the animals were assigned into 7 groups: sham-operated 1 (so1), healthy mice receiving pbs (phosphate buffer saline); sham-operated 2 (so2), he...

The serotonin-1A (5-HT(1A)) receptor is an abundant post-synaptic 5-HT receptor (heteroreceptor) implicated in regulation of mood, emotion and stress responses and is the major somatodendritic autoreceptor that negatively regulates 5-HT neuronal activity. Based on animal models, an integrated model for opposing roles of pre- and post-synaptic 5-HT(1A) receptors in anxiety and depression phenoty...

B-1a cells are innate-like B-lymphocytes producing natural antibodies. Activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID), a product of the Aicda gene, plays a central role in class-switch recombination and somatic hypermutation in B cells. Although a role for Aicda in B-1a cells has been suggested on the basis of experiments with knock out (KO) mice, whether B-1a cells express Aicda, and if so, which...

background and objectives : hepatitis c virus genotyping appears to be vital for predicting the response to antiviral therapy. the present study aimed to analyze the hcv genotypes in relation to persistence or clearance of the virus in residents of hamadan province, west-iran. material and methods : a total of 1159 recorded questionnaires of hcv infected people were evaluated in this prospectiv...

abstract        background and objective: this study was conducted to evaluate epidemiology of risk factors for hepatitis c virus (hcv) transmission, and determine the association of its genotypes with viral load and response to treatment in patients referred to the infectious disease clinic of khorramabad.         methods: the study included patients infected with hepatitis c referred to the i...

Brome mosaic virus (BMV) RNA replication is directed by two virus-encoded proteins, 1a and 2a. The amino-terminal half of 1a is a distant homolog of alphavirus nonstructural protein nsP1, which has been implicated in capping viral RNAs. In this study, we examined the enzymatic activities of BMV 1a expressed in yeast, where the protein is fully functional in RNA replication. 1a methylated GTP, d...

We have generated the transgenic Tabaco plants expressing multiple monoclonal antibody (mAb) CO7-1A × BR55 by cross-pollinating with mAb CO17-1A and mAb BR55. We have demonstrated the anti-cancer effect of plant-derived multiple mAb CO17-1A × BR55. We find that co-treatment of colorectal mAbs (anti-epithelial cellular adhesion molecule (EpCAM), plant-derived monoclonal antibody (mAb(P)) CO17-1A...

The role of α(1)-adrenergic receptors (α(1)ARs) in cognition and mood is controversial, probably as a result of past use of nonselective agents. α(1A)AR activation was recently shown to increase neurogenesis, which is linked to cognition and mood. We studied the effects of long-term α(1A)AR stimulation using transgenic mice engineered to express a constitutively active mutant (CAM) form of the ...

Previously we showed that the functional activity of the epithelial chloride channel that is encoded by the cystic fibrosis gene (CFTR) is reciprocally modulated by two components of the vesicle fusion machinery, syntaxin 1A and Munc-18. Here we report that syntaxin 1A inhibits CFTR chloride channels by means of direct and domain-specific protein-protein interactions. Syntaxin 1A stoichiometric...

B-1 cells, which constitute a predominant lymphocyte subset in serosal cavities and produce most of natural antibodies, are subdivided into the CD5(+) B-1a and CD5(-) B-1b cell subpopulations, but the differential roles of B-1a and B-1b cells are not well understood. We report that B-1a cells preferentially migrate out of the peritoneal cavity and upregulate the expression of CXCR4 with heighte...