Staphylococcal protein A (SpA) is an important virulence factor from Staphylococcus aureus responsible for the bacterium's evasion of the host immune system. SpA includes five small three-helix-bundle domains that can each bind with high affinity to many host proteins such as antibodies. The interaction between a SpA domain and the Fc fragment of IgG was partially elucidated previously in the c...

The gene coding for protein A (spa) of Staphylococcus aureus 8325-4 has been inactivated by substituting part of the spa coding sequence for a DNA fragment specifying resistance to ethidium bromide. The in vitro-constructed spa::EtBrr substitution mutation was introduced into the S. aureus chromosome by recombinational allele replacement. Southern blot hybridization showed that the in vitro-con...

Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is the most common organism causing osteomyelitis, and Staphylococcus aureus protein A (SpA) is an important virulence factor anchored in its cell wall. However, the precise mechanisms underlying the bone loss caused by SpA have not been well understood. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of SpA on osteoclast differentiation, and the probable mec...

The spondyloarthritides (SpA) are a heterogenous group of rheumatic diseases which are genetically linked. The strongest genetic factors, HLA B27, ERAP-1 and IL-23R, are found at variable rates in subgroups. The new nomenclature differentiates predominantly axial SpA (axSpA) from predominantly peripheral SpA (pSpA). Axial SpA (Ax-SpA) is further classified as classical ankylosing spondylitis (A...

conclusion: the outcome of this study show that spa and coa typing are suitable meth­ods for mrsa isolates typing because it is easy to use and interpret them, and that these methods can be useful in infection source detection and its control especially in epidemic situations. result: pcr results showed seven different patterns for staff and five different patterns for patients based on spa gen...

conclusions the outcome of this study indicates a higher discriminatory power of the rflp analysis based on the spa gene compared to the coa gene. moreover, the results of our study reveal that the resistance rate of s. aureus to some antimicrobial agents including linezolid is a growing concern. background antibiotic resistant staphylococcus aureus is a serious public health problem worldwide....

stroke is one of the most leading causes of death and disability in the world. complement system activation contributes to pathogenesis and neuronal damage following stroke. there are no defined biological serum markers to determine the severity of stroke in acute phases. the purpose of current study was to determine the association of three complement activators, namely pentraxin-3 (ptx3),m-fi...