A standard associative graded algebra R over a field k is called Koszul if k admits a linear resolution as an R-module. A (right) R-module M is called Koszul if it admits a linear resolution too. Here we study a special class of Koszul algebras — roughly say, algebras having a lot of Koszul cyclic modules. Commutative algebras with similar properties (so-called algebras with Koszul filtrations)...

Application of vaccine materials through oral mucosal route confers great economical advantage in animal farming industry due to much less vaccination cost compared with that of injection-based vaccination. In particular, oral administration of recombinant protein antigen against foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) is an ideal strategy because it is safe from FMDV transmission during vaccine pr...

: The aim of the present study was to investigate whether epidural administration of a xylazine-lidocaine combination accompanied by xylazine sedation would provide satisfactory analgesia for some surgical procedures on 10 calves admitted to the Department of Veterinary Surgery, University of Kafkas with perineal urolithiasis (n:2), rectovaginal fistula (n:1), atresia ani (n:2), omphalophlebiti...

The composition dependence of field induced anisotropy KU of field annealed soft ferromagnetic Co1−xFex 89Zr7B4 and Co1−xFex 88Zr7B4Cu1 amorphous and amorphous/nanocrystalline “nanocomposite” melt spun ribbons is investigated. With the exception of the highest Co-containing alloys x 0.10 , the observations are discussed in terms of a superposition of directional pair ordering of Fe,Co atoms and...

Epidural analgesia is commonly used in large animals. It is an easy, cheap, and effective technique used to prevent or control pain during surgeries involving the tail, anus, vulva, perineum, caudal udder, scrotum, and upper hind limbs. The objectives of this article were to comprehensively review and summarize all scientific data available in the literature on new techniques and drugs or drug ...