Cu2ZnSnSe4 (CZTSe) thin films are prepared by the electrodeposition of stack copper/tin/zinc (Cu/Sn/Zn) precursors, followed by selenization with a tin source at a substrate temperature of 530°C. Three selenization processes were performed herein to study the effects of the source of tin on the quality of CZTSe thin films that are formed at low Se pressure. Much elemental Sn is lost from CZTSe ...

BACKGROUND IgG4-TIN is the most common pattern of renal involvement in IgG4-related disease. There are several proposed diagnostic criteria of IgG4-TIN recently. Two of them proposed by the Mayo Clinic and JSN are predominant. However, histopathological criteria of the number of IgG4+ plasma cells and several histological features are still under discussion due to low amount of tissue in renal ...

A fundamental study on the effect that pre-coating a substrate with metal spraying has on the properties of sputtered Titanium-nitride film (TiN film) was carried out. The residual stresses in TiN films sputtered on the substrates coated with various spray coatings were measured by X-ray stress measurement. It was observed that the residual stresses in TiN films sputtered on substrates coated b...

This study investigates the resistance switching characteristics of Cr2O3-based resistance random access memory (RRAM) with Pt/Cr2O3/TiN and Pt/Cr2O3/Pt structures. Only devices with Pt/Cr2O3/TiN structure exhibit bipolar switching behavior after the forming process because TiN was able to work as an effective oxygen reservoir but Pt was not. Oxygen migration between Cr2O3 and TiN was observed ...

Wormhole-like mesoporous tin oxide was synthesized via a facile evaporation-induced self-assembly (EISA) method, and the gas-sensing properties were evaluated for different target gases. The effect of calcination temperature on gas-sensing properties of mesoporous tin oxide was investigated. The results demonstrate that the mesoporous tin oxide sensor calcined at 400 °C exhibits remarkable sele...

Tillering (branching) is a major yield component and, therefore, a target for improving the yield of crops. However, tillering is regulated by complex interactions of endogenous and environmental signals, and the knowledge required to achieve optimal tiller number through genetic and agronomic means is still lacking. Regulatory mechanisms may be revealed through physiological and molecular char...

Although the roster of coulometric titrations no\\' includes many reactions of classical titrimetry'. the lIse of cl,ectrogeneratecl +2 tin as a coulometric titrant has not previously been reported. We have found that in an acidic bromide medium +4 tin (probably SrlBr6-2) is reduced to the' +2 state (probably SnBr4-2) with 100% current efficiency' at a gold cathode. The formal potential of the ...

As a rule, diseases of the kidney primarily affect the glomeruli, vasculature, or remainder of the renal parenchyma that consists of the tubules and interstitium. Although the interstitium and the tubules represent separate functional and structural compartments, they are intimately related. Injury initially involving either one of them inevitably results in damage to the other. Hence the term ...

BACKGROUND Cancer patients are particularly vulnerable to drug-induced kidney injury during their chemotherapy. Whereas the direct nephrotoxic effects of these drugs are well recognized, that of tubulointerstitial nephritis (TIN) is less well known, underdiagnosed and often reported only as a functional tubular disorder. The diagnosis of acute TIN is important because of its insidious onset wit...