Vaksinasi merupakan upaya pembentukan kekebalan tubuh seseorang terhadap penyakit tertentu. Indonesia daerah yang rawan infeksi dapat dicegah dengan vaksinasi. Cakupan imunisasi anak di masih rendah. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui skala/tingkat nyeri dan manajemen pada dilakukan vaksinasi wilayah Mojosongo. Metode bersifat deskriptif yaitu menggambarkan tingkat berbeda. peng...

background to alleviate stinging pain in the skin entry area and visceral discomfort in patients who are undergoing eswl. objectives this study was designed to investigate the effectiveness of the emla cream in combination with remifentanil patient-controlled analgesia (pca) in patients undergoing eswl treatment. patients and methods sixty patients were divided into two double-blind randomized ...

BACKGROUND Recent developments in anesthesia applicable to family practice settings are reviewed. METHODS MEDLINE was searched using the key words "EMLA"; "iontophoresis"; "lidocaine," "tetracaine, adrenaline, cocaine"; and "lidocaine, epinephrine, tetracaine." RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Clinical experience has shown that there is a definite and evolving role for the newer methods of office an...

Foreign bodies in the external auditory canal may cause otalgia, and live insects have been reported among the causes. A number of methods have been used to immobilize the live insects. In our manuscript, we describe immobilization of an insect and provision of analgesia using EMLA cream.

Background: To refine an on-hen mite feeding device, ethogram was employed to measure the reactions of hens during a routine experimental procedure (feather plucking) and assess effects analgesic cream on those reactions. Methods: Three groups were used; one treated with EMLA 5% before plucking (“EMLA group”); ...

BACKGROUND Ear tattooing is a routine procedure performed on laboratory, commercial and companion rabbits for the purpose of identification. Although this procedure is potentially painful, it is usually performed without the provision of analgesia, so compromising animal welfare. Furthermore, current means to assess pain in rabbits are poor and more reliable methods are required. The objectives...