Post-antibiotic effect (PAE) is the transient suppression of bacterial growth after brief antimicrobial exposure. While numerous reports have described PAE with aerobic and facultative microorganisms, virtually no studies have been conducted with anaerobic isolates. Intraabdominal isolates of the Bacteroides fragilis group were exposed for one hour to antibiotic (cefoxitin, cefotetan, and imipe...

Abstract: Class-F microwave monolithic integrated circuit (MMIC) power amplifiers (PA) fabricated in a GaN technology are reported. Field-plated GaN HEMT devices are used for highpower performance. Two MMICs are reported. The first class-F MMIC PA operating at 2.0GHz achieved a power-added efficiency (PAE) of 50% with 38dBm output power and 6.2W/mm power density. A second class-F PA operating a...

Background: The ratio of the second finger length to fourth (2D:4D ratio) is considered be negatively correlated with prenatal androgen exposure (PAE) and positively estrogen. Coincidentally, various brain regions are sensitive PAE, their functions in adults may influenced by actions sex hormones.

AIMS Although Russia has one of the highest rates of alcohol consumption and alcohol-attributable burden of disease, little is known about the existing research on prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) and Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASDs) in this country. The objective of this study was to locate and review published and unpublished studies related to any aspect of PAE and FASD conducted in o...

Post-antibiotic effects (PAE) and post-antibiotic sub-MIC effects (PA-SME) of the ketolide telithromycin (HMR 3647) were determined for 10 Gram-positive cocci with various macrolide resistance mechanisms, including inducible and constitutive ribosomal methylase and macrolide efflux resistance genes. Strains tested included four Streptococcus pneumoniae, three Streptococcus pyogenes and three St...

A venous air embolism and paradoxical air embolism (PAE) are serious complications in patients undergoing a hepatectomy. We report a case of PAE and cerebral infarctions in a patient undergoing a hepatic resection using a Cavitron Ultrasonic Surgical Aspirator (CUSA®). A 65-year-old woman underwent a left lobe hepatectomy. During the middle phase of the liver resection with CUSA®, there was a s...

OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to report multidetector computed tomography (CT) imaging findings relating to segmental pulmonary arterial ectasia (PAE), which is a very rare vascular condition. CLINICAL PRESENTATION AND INTERVENTION A 70-year-old woman presented with shortness of breath and increased production of purulent sputum. Chest CT angiography revealed bronchiectasis secondary to...

We report a flexible shaft-based mechanical scanning photoacoustic endoscopy (PAE) system that can be potentially used for imaging the human gastrointestinal tract via the instrument channel of a clinical video endoscope. The development of such a catheter endoscope has been an important challenge to realize the technique's benefits in clinical settings. We successfully implemented a prototype ...

In this letter, novel class-F and inverse class-F power amplifier (PA) topologies were proposed, simulated, realized and measured for 2.7–2.9GHz frequency band by using Gallium Nitride high electron mobility transistor (GaN HEMT). Realizations are made on Rogers TMM3 dielectric material which has 0.381mm thickness and 3.27 dielectric constant. Proposed class-F and inverse class-F PAs have 10W (...

PAE cannot be made a basis for either a generalized statistical mechanics or a generalized information theory. Either statistical independence must be waived, or the expression of the averaged conditional probability as the difference between the marginal and joint entropies must be relinquished. The same inequality, relating the PAE to the Rényi entropy, when applied to the mean code length pr...