Estrogen exposure during early-life stages has been found to delay ovarian development in female fish, even after a long-term depuration period. However, the mechanisms underlying disordered remain unclear. In this study, larvae of tiger puffer Takifugu rubripes were exposed 0 (control) and 10 μg/L 17β-estradiol (E2) from 20 90 days post-hatch (dph) maintained clear seawater until 180 dph. Gene...

We characterized the NADPH-dependent metabolism of 17bestradiol (E2) by liver microsomes from 21 male and 12 female human subjects. A large number of radioactive estrogen metabolite peaks were detected following incubations of [H]E2 with male or female human liver microsomes in the presence of NADPH. The structures of 18 hydroxylated or keto estrogen metabolites formed by these microsomes were ...

Oestrogen (E2) regulates the expression of its target genes at transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels. To clarify the mechanism of E2-induced post-transcriptional regulation, with attention to the involvement of the oestrogen receptor (ER), we studied the effect of tamoxifen (TAM), a synthetic E2 antagonist that inhibits ER-mediated transcription, on E2-induced transcriptional and post...

The behavior of natural estrogens was examined by separately spiking 17β-estradiol (E2) and estrone (E1) into semicontinuous activated sludge reactors operated under aerobic, anaerobic and sequential anaerobic/aerobic conditions. Under aerobic and anaerobic conditions, E1 was formed from E2. The conversion of E1 to E2 was maximum conversion of E2 to E1 was higher than t E1 to E2. Overall, the d...

Background: Electric-quadrupole ($E2$) strengths relate to the underlying quadrupole deformation of a nucleus and present challenge for many nuclear theories. Mirror nuclei in vicinity line $N=Z$ represent convenient laboratory testing deficiencies such models, making use isospin-symmetry systems. Purpose: Uncertainties associated with literature $E2$ \textsuperscript{23}Mg are some largest $T_...

Objective: Systemic loss of estradiol (E2) during menopause is associated with increased adiposity which can be prevented with E2 replacement. Rodent studies suggest that E2, or lack of, is a key mediator in menopauserelated metabolic changes. We have previously demonstrated that E2 treatment produces a rapid, dose-dependent activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in muririe skeletal ...

The E2 proteins of several papillomaviruses link the viral genome to mitotic chromosomes to ensure retention and the efficient partitioning of genomes into daughter cells following cell division. Bovine papillomavirus type 1 E2 binds to chromosomes in a complex with Brd4, a cellular bromodomain protein. Interaction with Brd4 is also important for E2-mediated transcriptional regulation. The tran...

To assess the relationship of E2 gene disruption with viral gene expression and clinical outcome in human papillomavirus (HPV) positive head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, we evaluated 31 oropharyngeal and 17 non-oropharyngeal HPV16 positive carcinomas using two PCR-based methods to test for disruption of E2, followed by Sanger sequencing. Expression of HPV16 E6, E7 and E2 transcripts, along...

(1) For every non empty subset X of E2 T and for every compact subset Y of E2 T such that X ⊆Y holds N-bound(X)≤ N-bound(Y ). (2) For every non empty subset X of E2 T and for every compact subset Y of E2 T such that X ⊆Y holds E-bound(X)≤ E-bound(Y ). (3) For every non empty subset X of E2 T and for every compact subset Y of E2 T such that X ⊆Y holds S-bound(X)≥ S-bound(Y ). (4) For every non e...

The human papillomavirus type 18 (HPV-18) E2 gene is inactivated in cervical carcinoma after integration of the viral DNA into the host cellular genome. Since E2 represses the transcription of the two viral oncogenes E6 and E7, integration which allows their strong expression is considered a major step in transformation by HPV. We show here that E2 is specifically degraded at the end of the G(1...