Deterioration of road infrastructure has been a serious worldwide problem. In the USA, degradation of concrete bridge decks is a widespread problem among several bridge components. Traditionally, qualified engineers implemented sounding and visual inspections for concrete bridge deck evaluations, yet these methods require substantial field labor and lane closures. Under these circumstances, Non...

OBJECTIVES Published descriptions of the oral sugar test (OST) and insulin response test (IRT) have been inconsistent when specifying the protocol for fasting horses before testing. The purpose of our study was to examine the effect of fasting duration on blood glucose concentration, blood insulin concentration, glucose/insulin ratio, OST, and IRT results in horses. ANIMALS Ten healthy adult ...

Missing data, such as item responses in multilevel data, are ubiquitous in educational research settings. Researchers in the item response theory (IRT) context have shown that ignoring such missing data can create problems in the estimation of the IRT model parameters. Consequently, several imputation methods for dealing with missing item data have been proposed and shown to be effective when a...

Test theories can be divided roughly into two categories. The first is classical test theory, which dates back to Spearman’s conception of the observed test score as a composite of true and error components, and which was introduced to psychologists at the beginning of this century. Important milestones in its long and venerable tradition are Gulliksen’s Theory of Mental Tests (1950) and Lord a...

Eye temperature, measured using infrared thermography (IRT), is a non-invasive tool for evaluating the stress response in cattle, bison and elk to surgical procedures. Infrared thermography has recently revealed that a rapid drop in eye temperature is likely a sympathetically mediated response via vasoconstriction that can be used to detect fear and/or pain related responses in animals to diffe...

OBJECTIVES To perform a systematic review evaluating the use of infrared thermography (IRT) as an endpoint in clinical trials of Raynaud's phenomenon (RP). METHODS Articles reporting the use of IRT and Raynaud's phenomenon were identified following systematic searches of PubMed, EMBase, MEDLINE and AMED databases. Articles incorporating IRT as an endpoint in a therapeutic trial were selected ...

BACKGROUND In medical education research, various questionnaires are often used to study possible relationships between strategies and approaches to teaching and learning and the outcome of these. However, judging the applicability of such questionnaires or the interpretation of the results is not trivial. METHODS As a way to develop teacher thinking, teaching strategy profiles were calculate...

.......................................................................................................... 3 Introduction ..................................................................................................... 4 Single-stimulus response format ................................................................... 4 Response biases affecting single-stimulus items ........................

Caching objects in Internet environment is aimed to reduce bandwidth consumption and increase the response time of system in term of user perception. In limited size of web cache, it needs to manage the objects in web cache so that the hit ratio and byte hit ratio are optimal. For solving this problem, researcher propose many web cache replacement policies such as LRU, LFU, GDS, GDSF, GD*, and ...

CONTEXT Instability resistance training (IRT; unstable surfaces and devices to strengthen the core or trunk muscles) is popular in fitness training facilities. OBJECTIVE To examine contradictory IRT recommendations for health enthusiasts and rehabilitation. DATA SOURCES A literature search was performed using MEDLINE, SPORT Discus, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases...