This paper proposes a novel system for the automatic detection of important anatomical structures such as the Optic Disc (OD), Blood Vessels and Macula in digital fundus retinal images. The novelty is in extraction of blood vessels and localization of macula. OD localization is done using Principle Component Analysis (PCA) followed by an active contour based approach for accurate segmentation o...

Serological surveys in Norway have demonstrated neutralising antibodies against bovine virus diarrhoea (BVD) virus in cattle, sheep and goats. The prevalences were 18.5%, 4.5% and 3.6%, respectively. Occurrence of pestivirus-induced disease in Norway is described. Outbreaks of reproductive failure and mucosal disease have been reported, and the number of persistently-infected animals detected h...

Bovine viral diarrhea (BVD) is one of the most important infectious diseases of cattle with respect to animal health and economic impact. Its stealthy nature, prolonged transient infections, and the presence of persistently infected (PI) animals as efficient reservoirs were responsible for its ubiquitous presence in cattle populations worldwide. Whereas it was initially thought that the infecti...

This paper investigates the conditions under which dominant airlines internalize self-imposed delays in a deterministic bottleneck model of airport pricing, complementing the similar analysis of Brueckner and Van Dender (BVD, 2008) for the standard congestion-pricing model. A unified model of bottleneck tolling includes untolled, uniform-, coarse-, multi-step-, and continuous-toll equilibria as...

bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv) is an important pathogen of dairy cattle. in this study, bulk milk samples representing a total of 4105 milking cows, from 18 dairy cattle herds in the suburb of mashhad- iran, were tested for presence of bvdv by the use of a nested reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (nested rt- pcr) assay. non of the cows in the herds had been vaccinated against...

Binocular vision disorders (BVD) are quite common in subjects with cerebellar dysfunctions. Also individuals with strabismus often suffer from many motor deficits, such as impaired body balance and walking. It is known that the cerebellum is necessary to maintain proper body posture but also to learn motor skills. It is conceivable that subjects with BVD would also have deficits in procedural (...

BACKGROUND Bovine viral diarrhoea (BVD) is considered eradicated from Denmark. Currently, very few (if any) Danish cattle herds could be infected with BVD virus (BVDV). The Danish antibody blocking enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) has been successfully used during the Danish BVD eradication program, initiated in 1994. During the last decade, the cattle herd size has increased while the...

A class of high-order shock-capturing schemes, PnTm-BVD (Deng et al., 2019; Deng 2020) have been devised to solve the Euler equations with substantially reduced numerical dissipation, which enable high-resolution simulations resolve flow structures wider range scales. In such low errors round-off level might grow and contaminate solutions. typical example problems is loss symmetry in solutions ...

Submit Manuscript | http://medcraveonline.com Abbreviations: MCWF: Mycobacterium Cell Wall Fraction; BRDC: Bovine Respiratory Disease Complex; ADG: Average Daily Gain; IL-2:Interleukin-2; IL-6: Interleukin-6; IFN-γ: Interferon Gamma; TDM: Trehalose 6,6′-Dimycolate; MDP: Muramyl Dipeptide; IBR: Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis; PI3: Parainfluenza 3; BRSV: Bovine Respiratory Syncytial virus; BVD...