The first solution for addressing this new wire bonding challenge was the matte finish. Along with some geometrical capillary tip modifications, such as the double internal chamfer (IC), these changes proved Cu wire to be a reliable substitute to gold (Au). However, while the welding requirements were achieved, the tool’s resistance to wear deteriorated. This was expected as the hardness of Cu ...

Cu(100), Cu(110), Ag(111},Au(111), and Au(100}), a semimetal [Sb(100}],and a layered compound {1T-TiS2). Data for Au{111) show that image-potential states exist even in the presence of bulk states. The coupling with bulk states is weak as indicated by the narrow {&0.1 eV) width of the image states. The binding energies of the lowest state cluster around 0.7 eV for a variety of metal and semimet...

Heterobimetallic complexes [Cu(N C-Cy-C N)2][Au(C6F5)2]·0.5 Toluene (1) and [Cu(N C-CyC N)2][Au(C6F5)2]·CH2Cl2 (2) and [AuCu(C6F5)2(N C-Cy-C N)2]·CH2Cl2 (3) (with the same stoichiometry but different structure) have been synthesized and the crystal structure of complex 2·CH2Cl2 has been characterized through X-ray diffraction studies. The structure shows a cationic [Cu(N C-Cy-C N)2] + polymer t...

We investigate the energy dependence of stopping and hadron production in high-energy heavy-ion collisions based on a three-sources Relativistic Diffusion Model. The transport coefficients are extrapolated from Au + Au and Cu + Cu at RHIC energies ( √ sNN=19.6 200 GeV) to Pb + Pb at LHC energies √ sNN= 5.52 TeV. Rapidity distributions for net protons, and pseudorapidity spectra for produced cha...

Cu wire is replacing Au wire in the microelectronic industry due to its lower cost. However, during Cu ball bonding one of the main challenges is the increased stress that can damage the pad and underpad layers. Past work showed that using ultrasound superimposed together with impact force (pre-ultrasound) results not only in a softer bonded ball, but also in a flatter ball/pad interface. In th...

Recent high-statistics Au+Au and Cu+Cu runs at RHIC have provided a wealth of new data that allow STAR to answer several outstanding questions regarding the nature of the hot, dense medium that is created in ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions. However, the new data also raise new questions that require further study. Here, we focus on a few qualitatively new results presented by STAR for th...

Systematic comparisons of jet pair correlations obtained in Cu+Cu and Au+Au collisions at √ sNN =200 GeV are presented. The measured jet-pair distributions for both systems show strong modification of the away-side jet. For the same number of participating nucleons, the modification does not show a strong dependence on the collision system. It is suggested that such comparisons can provide impo...

We study parton suppression effects in heavy-ion collisions within the Parton Quenching Model (PQM). After a brief summary of the main features of the model, we present comparisons of calculations for the nuclear modification and the away-side suppression factor to data in Au+Au and Cu+Cu collisions at √ sNN = 200 GeV. We discuss properties of light hadron probes and their sensitivity to the me...

We study parton suppression effects in heavy-ion collisions within the Parton Quenching Model (PQM). After a brief summary of the main features of the model, we present comparisons of calculations for the nuclear modification and the away-side suppression factor to data in Au+Au and Cu+Cu collisions at √ sNN = 200 GeV. We discuss properties of light hadron probes and their sensitivity to the me...