Item response theory (IRT) models are commonly used in the realm of educational and psychological testing. The three commonly used IRT models for responses that are graded as either correct or incorrect are the One-parameter, Two-parameter, and Three parameter IRT models. These models are used to calibrate standardized tests and to assess human latent traits such as student’s overall intelligen...

AIMS Alternative transcription and splicing of the allograft inflammatory factor-1 (AIF-1) gene results in the expression of two different proteins: AIF-1 and interferon responsive transcript-1 (IRT-1).  Here, we explore the impact of AIF-1 and IRT-1 on vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) activation and neointima formation, the mechanisms underlying their alternative splicing, and associations o...

The popularity of intelligent tutoring systems (ITSs) is increasing rapidly. In order to make learning environments more efficient, researchers have been exploring the possibility of an automatic adaptation of the learning environment to the learner or the context. One of the possible adaptation techniques is adaptive item sequencing by matching the difficulty of the items to the learner’s know...

Intensive endurance exercise is known to induce lymphocyte apoptosis, which might affect immune function. Less is known about the effects of resistance exercise on apoptosis and its underlying mechanisms. In this study, subjects performed an intensive resistance test (IRT) and a moderate resistance test, and lymphocyte apoptosis, apoptosis-related parameters, and underlying mechanisms were inve...

High blood trypsin levels during early days of life are found in newborns subsequently diagnosed to be affected by cystic fibrosis. The authors compared the validity of the traditional meconium test with the blood immunoreactive trypsin (IRT) assay, carried out in parallel on 113,302 neonates from three regions of North-eastern Italy. The meconium test showed a sensitivity of 57.7%. The sensiti...

Item Response Theory (IRT) evaluates, on the same scale, examinees who take different tests. It requires linkage of examinees’ ability scores as estimated from However, IRT techniques assume independently random sampling abilities a standard normal distribution. Because this assumption, not only much labor to design, but it also has no guarantee optimality. To resolve that shortcoming, study pr...

Assessment of socially unacceptable behaviors and attitudes via self-report is likely to yield skewed data that may be vulnerable to measurement non-invariance. Item response theory (IRT) can help address these measurement challenges. This paper illustrates application of IRT to data from a teen dating violence intervention study. Three factors reflecting teens’ attitudes about dating violence ...