Abstract A cross‐scale homogenization approach for multi‐phase materials is to calculate an effective material stiffness in the smaller scale multiple states. These detailed results are used identify a calculation rule larger scale. The of matrix using ABAQUS 3D finite elements was already described by [1]. This can be transferred 2D ℝ 3×3 without much effort. However, some require specificatio...

Soils are mixtures of three phases, a porous soil skeleton of solid mineral particles and two fluids water and air filling the pores completely. The soil skeleton and the fluids can move depending on the constitutive behaviour of all constituents and interactions between them. In general a coupled deformation/seepage problem exists which can be uncoupled for certain circumstances. Mechanical mo...

The most important purpose of cold rolling processes, in addition to obtaining appropriate mechanical features, is to achieve very low and more precise thicknesses’, the issue that is not possible in hot rolling processes. Today, most cold rolling lines designed continuously and usually consist of 4 to 6 fourroller rolling rack. Finished surface of obtained sheets of cold rolling is Harder and ...