BACKGROUND Determination of the fate of nanoparticles (NPs) in a biological system, or NP biodistribution, is critical in evaluating an NP formulation for nanomedicine. Current methods to determine NP biodistribution are greatly inadequate, due to their limited detection thresholds. Herein, proof of concept of a novel method for improved NP detection based on in situ polymerase chain reaction (...

Abstract This study aimed to modify the biological response of cells to ionizing radiation by combination therapy using radio-sensitizer agent and anticancer drug. Super paramagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) were prepared and used with gemcitabine (Gem). These two agents were encapsulated simultaneously into poly (D, L-lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) to form multifunc...

Linear precedence (LP) rules are widely used for stating word order principles. They have been adopted as constraints by HPSG but no encoding in the formalism has been provided. Since they only order siblings, they are not quite adequate, at least not for German. We propose a notion of LP constraints that applies to linguistically motivated branching domains such as head domains. We show a type...

Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) are frequently used for drug targeting, hyperthermia and other biomedical purposes. Recently, we have reported the synthesis of lauric acid-/albumin-coated iron oxide nanoparticles SEON(LA-BSA), which were synthesized using excess albumin. For optimization of magnetic treatment applications, SPION suspensions need to be purified of excess surf...

Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) used as MRI contrast agents or for theranostic applications encounter a complex mixture of extracellular proteins that adsorb on the SPION surface forming a protein corona. Our goal was to understand how cellular binding and T2 relaxation times are affected by this protein corona. Our studies focused on carboxymethyl dextran-modified SPIONs, c...

Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) bound directly to luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH) have shown high efficiency for intracellular uptake to breast cancer cells, MDA-MB-435S.luc. We demonstrate in this communication that inclusion of a small spacer molecule such as glutaric acid (Glu) in between SPION and LHRH increases further receptor mediated intracellular uptake...

Intracellular labels such as dextran coated superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPION), bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) or green fluorescent protein (GFP) are frequently used to study the fate of transplanted cells by in vivo magnetic resonance imaging or fluorescent microscopy. Bystander uptake of labeled cells by resident tissue macrophages (TM) can confound the interpretation of the presenc...

The Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles (SPIONs) of sizes ranging from 10-50 nm are being used in a large number of biological studies because of their peculiar characteristics of inducing local hyperthermia, MR imaging, specific targeting and drug delivery. An in-vitro study of the cytotoxicity and an understanding of the specific pathway of cellular uptake will enable manipulation of c...