BACKGROUND Interstitial brachytherapy (ISBT) is an optional treatment for locally advanced gynecological tumours for which conventional intracavitary brachytherapy (ICBT) would result in suboptimal dose coverage. However, ISBT with Martinez Universal Perineal Interstitial Template (MUPIT), in which ~10-20 needles are usually applied, is more time-consuming and labor-intensive than ICBT alone, m...

PURPOSE To describe the various anatomic locations of recurrent disease, in a cohort of men with radiographically visualized, biopsy-proven recurrent prostate cancer after radical prostatectomy (RP), in order to help guide contouring of the prostatic fossa clinical target volume (PF-CTV) when no gross recurrence is visible or when magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is not used. METHODS AND MATE...

Purpose: To compare tumour bed (TB) volumes delineated using MRI plus CT/clips (MRCT) with those delineated using CT/clips-alone in post-lumpectomy breast cancer patients positioned prone, and to determine the value of MRCT for planning partial breast radiotherapy (PBI). Materials/ Methods: 30 women with breast cancer each had 6-12 titanium-clips secured in the excision cavity walls at lumpecto...

Dosimetric consequences of positional shifts were studied using frameless Brainlab ExacTrac X-ray system for hypofractionated (3 or 5 fractions) intracranial stereo-tactic radiotherapy (SRT). SRT treatments of 17 patients with metastatic intracranial tumors using the stereotactic system were retrospectively investigated. The treatments were simulated in a treatment planning system by modifying ...

We have investigated a method to individualize the planning target volume (PTV) for deformable targets in radiotherapy by combining a computer tomography (CT) scan with multiple cone beam (CB)CT scans. All combinations of the CT and up to five initial CBCTs were considered. To exclude translational motion, the clinical target volumes (CTVs) in the CBCTs were matched to the CTV in the CT. PTVs i...

Cardiac troponin C (cTnC) is a key effector in cardiac muscle excitation-contraction coupling as the Ca2+ sensing subunit responsible for controlling contraction. In this study, we generated several FRET sensors for divalent cations based on cTnC flanked by a donor fluorescent protein (CFP) and an acceptor fluorescent protein (YFP). The sensors report Ca2+ and Mg2+ binding, and relay global str...

BACKGROUND To moving lung tumors, we applied a respiratory-gated strategy to carbon-ion pencil beam scanning with multiple phase-controlled rescanning (PCR). In this simulation study, we quantitatively evaluated dose distributions based on 4-dimensional CT (4DCT) treatment planning. METHODS Volumetric 4DCTs were acquired for 14 patients with lung tumors. Gross tumor volume, clinical target vo...

هدف: امروزه کارگروهی در مؤسسات آموزش عالی به‌عنوان یکی از بهترین راهبردها برای تعامل و مشارکت دانشجویان فرایند یادگیری هم‌چنین کمک به رشد مهارت‌های ارتباطی آن‌ها محسوب می‌شود. درحالی‌ که شناسایی مزایای می‌تواند درک مثبتی را بین اساتید ایجاد کند، عواملی باعث عدم شکل‌گیری تمایل اندک انجام نظام دانشگاهی می‌شود، نیز مزایا تأثیرات مثبت آن بکاهد؛ بنابراین، هدف این پژوهش چالش‌های مرتبط با بود.مواد روش...

SUMMARY Citrus tristeza virus (CTV) has within the 3'-half of the genome ten open reading frames (ORFs) that are expressed through a series of 3'-coterminal subgenomic (sg) messenger (m)RNAs that, in general, function as monocistronic mRNAs with only the 5'-most ORF translated. Yet only nine sg mRNAs have been detected, suggesting that ORF 3, which is predicted to encode a small hydrophobic pro...