Microbial biofilm layer could grow on bed surfaces and affect the normal sediment properties following polluting of water resources. However, limited research is done to measure the effects of biofilm in the long run. The objective of this study was to investigate the erosion-deposition phenomena considering factors such as sediment concentration, flow velocity and bed surface along the flum...

We describe a flume study of the spatio-temporal evolution of particulate gravity currents. Time series of the vertical structure of flow in terms of the forward component of velocity, flow concentration and grain-size of suspended sediment were co-measured at a different position along the flume for each of a series of nominally identical flows. The data are combined to show the spatial evolut...

There are two major theories about trade’s effect on the environment. The first, a win-lose scenario, posits that trade liberalization leads to economic growth, which, while increasing incomes, also results in an increasing scale of economic activity and, therefore, greater environmental degradation. This effect might also be compounded by a composition effect, in which countries specialize in ...