Sunscreen use is recommended for the prevention of sunburn and skin cancer. Little is known regarding sunscreen availability in high versus low income communities. We analyzed sunscreen availability in three large metropolitan counties to determine the relationship between availability and community demographics. We included sun care products in all pharmacies and supermarkets open as of July 2...

We are exposed to millions of microbial and dietary antigens via the gastrointestinal tract, which likely play a key role in type 1 diabetes (T1D). We differentiated the effects of these two major environmental factors on gut immunity and T1D. Diabetes-prone BioBreeding (BBdp) rats were housed in specific pathogen-free (SPF) or germ-free (GF) conditions and weaned onto diabetes-promoting cereal...

In this paper, we introduce surface plenoptic function (SPF) as a tool for the sampling analysis of image-based rendering (IBR). SPF is a plenoptic function defined on the object surface. It can be mapped onto the normal IBR representation via a coordinate transform. By assuming some properties of the SPF, we can provide insightful analysis on the sampling of the IBR representation, for both un...

A significant survival difference between black and white breast cancer patients has been observed in the United States. Evaluation of the prognostic value of DNA ploidy and S-phase fraction (SPF) in black and white breast cancer patients may contribute to our understanding of the mechanisms of racial disparity in survival. A sample of 98 patients (50 blacks and 48 whites) who participated in t...

STUDY DESIGN Systematic review. OBJECTIVE To identify and describe reconstruction methods for the treatment of transverse sacral fracture (TSF) and to evaluate outcomes based on treatment interventions. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA A variety of surgical interventions for stabilization of TSFs exist, yet the optimal management remains unclear. Although there are many individual case reports an...

Long exposure of UV radiation increases risk of skin diseases such as cancer and photoallergic reactions. UV-B (280-320 nm) radiation is mainly responsible for inducing skin problems. Skin protection is a suitable method in the fight against ultraviolet radiation induced damage. Various synthetic agents have been used as photo protective but because of their potential toxicity in humans, they h...

Subarachnoid pleural fistula (SPF) following injury to the vertebral column is an extremely rare complication and is usually described after blunt trauma. We report the first case of SPF with pneumocephalus due to a gunshot wound to the spine.

Sex pheromones form an important facet of reproductive strategies in many organisms throughout the Animal Kingdom. One of the oldest known sex pheromones in vertebrates are proteins of the Sodefrin Precursor-like Factor (SPF) system, which already had a courtship function in early salamanders. The subsequent evolution of salamanders is characterized by a diversification in courtship and reprodu...

Long exposure of UV radiation increases risk of skin diseases such as cancer and photoallergic reactions. UV-B (280-320 nm) radiation is mainly responsible for inducing the skin problems. Skin protection is a suitable method against ultraviolet radiation-induced damage. Various synthetic agents have been used as photo protective but because of their potential toxicity in humans, they have limit...