A summary of starburst luminosities based on PAH features is given for 243 starburst galaxies with 0 < z < 2.5, observed with the Spitzer Infrared Spectrograph. Luminosity νLν(7.7μm) for the peak luminosity of the 7.7μm PAH emission feature is found to scale as log[νLν (7.7μm)] = 44.63(±0.09) + 2.48(±0.28) log(1+z) for the most luminous starbursts observed. Empirical calibrations of νLν(7.7μm) ...

Lead (Pb) in petrol has been banned in developed countries. Despite the control of Pb in petrol since 2001, high levels were reported in the blood of pregnant women and children in Pakistan. However, the identification of sources of Pb has been elusive due to its pervasiveness. In this study, we assessed the lead intake of pregnant women and one- to three-year-old children from food, water, hou...

OBJECTIVE To understand the changes of femoral cartilage in response to treadmill running with different intensities in the hope of differentiating "moderate" and "strenuous" running in a rat model. METHOD A total of 24 male Wistar rats were randomly assigned into groups of sedentary (SED), low-intensity running (LIR), medium-intensity running (MIR), and high-intensity running (HIR). Rats in ...

Semiotics is widely applied in theories of information. Following the original triadic characterization of reality by Peirce, the linguistic processes involved in information—production, transmission, reception, and understanding—would all appear to be interpretable in terms of signs and their relations to their objects. Perhaps the most important of these relations is that of the representatio...

Through the canonical LC3 interaction motif (LIR), [W/F/Y]-X1-X2-[I/L/V], protein complexes are recruited to autophagosomes to perform their functions as either autophagy adaptors or receptors. How these adaptors/receptors selectively interact with either LC3 or GABARAP families remains unclear. Herein, we determine the range of selectivity of 30 known core LIR motifs towards individual LC3s an...

Bow-shaped stationary gravity waves (mountain waves) have been observed in Venusian cloud images taken by the cameras onboard Akatsuki spacecraft. The are most pronounced thermal infrared Longwave Infrared Camera (LIR), and shown to appear at longitudes where high mountains exist. To better characterize mountain atmosphere, we applied a new analysis method LIR data. By averaging multiple sequen...

سیستم حمل‌ونقل ریلی از تعامل مجموعه‌ای تجهیزات و عملیات تشکیل‌ شده است که توانایی ظرفیت یک در بار مسافر را تعیین می‌کند. بدین‌منظور، محاسبة پیش‌بینی نحوة تغییرات آن مهم شناخت آن‌ کمک شایانی به ارتقای سطح بهره‌برداری شبکة روش‌های گوناگونی برای وجود دارد با توجه نوع شبکه شیوة استفاده این روش‌ها، می‌توان آنها بهره گرفت. ظرفیت، توانمندی‌های سیستم‌های اطلاعات مکانی می‌شود تحت وب، وضعیت ظرفیتی عملیات...

Obesity is associated with insulin resistance, particularly when body fat has a central distribution. However, insulin resistance also frequently occurs in apparently lean individuals. It has been proposed that these lean insulin-resistant individuals have greater amounts of body fat than lean insulin-sensitive subjects. Alternatively, their body fat distribution may be different. Obesity is as...

HST NICMOS observations of a sample of 24 luminous (LIGs: LIR[8− 1000μm] = 10L⊙) and ultraluminous (ULIGs: LIR ∼10 L⊙) infrared galaxies are presented. The observations provide, for the first time, high resolution HST imaging of the imbedded 1.1 2.2 μm nuclear regions of these mergers. All but one of the ULIGs are observed to have at least one compact (50-200 pc) nucleus, and more than half con...