Background and Aim: The aim of the present study was to compare effect volatile induction maintenance anesthesia (VIMA) target controlled infusion (TCI) on cardiovascular stability in New York Heart Association (NYHA) grade II patients who underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Patients methods: In study, 90 were randomized into two groups depending whether they received VIMA or TCI. rate, sys...

Target concentration intervention (TCI) is proposed as an alternative conceptual strategy to therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM). It is argued that the idea of a therapeutic range has limited the interpretation of measured drug concentrations and diminished the anticipated clinical benefit to patients by use of an oversimplified pharmacodynamic model. TCI on the other hand embraces pharmacokineti...

Target controlled infusion (TCI) devices are increasingly used in clinical practice. These devices unquestionably aid optimization of drug dosage. However, it still remains to be determined if they sufficiently address differences in pharmacological make up of individual patients. The algorithms guiding TCI pumps are based on pharmacological data obtained from a relatively small number of healt...

Efforts to develop new hypnotic compounds continue, although several have recently failed in development. Propofol has been reformulated in various presentations with and without preservatives. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic differences exist between some of these preparations, and it is currently unclear whether any have substantial advantages over the original presentation. The use of ta...

Efforts to develop new hypnotic compounds continue, although several have recently failed in development. Propofol has been reformulated in various presentations with and without preservatives. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic differences exist between some of these preparations, and it is currently unclear whether any have substantial advantages over the original presentation. The use of ta...

OBJECTIVE To examine the factor structure of the 144-item Chinese version of the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) and its association with age and gender in a large non-clinical population. METHOD We recruited 1966 non-clinical participants in China who completed the TCI Chinese version. They were randomly divided into two independent samples. One sample (n=983) was used for explorat...