Some somatic single nucleotide variants (SNVs) are thought to be pathogenic, leading to neurological disease. We hypothesized that heterogeneous nuclear ribonuclear protein A1 (hnRNP A1), an autoantigen associated with multiple sclerosis (MS) would contain SNVs. MS patients develop antibodies to hnRNP A1 (293-304), an epitope within the M9 domain (AA (268-305)) of hnRNP A1. M9 is hnRNP A1's nuc...

Human cyclin A1, a newly discovered cyclin, is expressed in testis and is thought to function in the meiotic cell cycle. Here, we show that the expression of human cyclin A1 and cyclin A1-associated kinase activities was regulated during the mitotic cell cycle. In the osteosarcoma cell line MG63, cyclin A1 mRNA and protein were present at very low levels in cells at the G0 phase. They increased...

Urea transport, mediated by the urea transporter A1 (UT-A1) and/or UT-A3, is important for the production of concentrated urine. Vasopressin rapidly increases urea transport in rat terminal inner medullary collecting ducts (IMCD). A previous study showed that one mechanism for rapid regulation of urea transport is a vasopressin-induced increase in UT-A1 phosphorylation. This study tests whether...

s2i;a1 ,s2i;b3 and s 2 i;a1 b3 , variances and covariance of random effects in parameters a1 and b3 at plot level; s2ij;a1 ,s2ij;b3 and s2ij;a1 b3 , variances and covariance of random effects in parameters a1 and b3 at tree level; σ , residual variance; δ parameter of power function. Note that the σ of the mixed-effects model must be multiplied by g = d when applied (variance obtained from ordi...

Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) induces diverse biological responses in many types of cells and tissues by activating its specific G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). Previously, three cognate LPA GPCRs (LP(A1)/VZG-1/EDG-2, LP(A2)/EDG-4, and LP(A3)/EDG-7) were identified in mammals. By contrast, an unrelated GPCR, PSP24, was reported to be a high affinity LPA receptor in Xenopus laevis oocytes, ra...

Francisella tularensis subsp. tularensis (type A) is subdivided into clades A1 and A2. Human tularemia infections caused by A1 and A2 differ with respect to clinical outcome; A1 infections are associated with a higher case fatality rate. In this study, we develop and evaluate TaqMan polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays for identification of A1 and A2. Both assays were shown to be specific to ...

Done all A–1 Determine, with proof, the number of ordered triples (A1, A2, A3) of sets which have the property that (i) A1 ∪A2 ∪A3 = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10}, and (ii) A1 ∩A2 ∩A3 = ∅. Express your answer in the form 2357, where a, b, c, d are nonnegative integers. Solution: For each integer i from 1 to 10 you must put i in one of 6 sets: A1 ∩ A2 ∩ A3 or A1 ∩ A2 ∩ A3 or A1 ∩ A2 ∩ A3 or A1...

Cyclin A1 belongs to the type-A cyclins and participates in cell cycle regulation. Since its discovery, cyclin A1 has been shown mostly in testis. It plays important roles in spermatogenesis. However, there were also reports on ovary expression of cyclin A1. Therefore, we intended to revisit the expression of cyclin A1 in mouse ovary. Our study showed that cyclin A1 was expressed at the mRNA le...