Climate change velocity is a vector depiction of the rate of climate displacement used for assessing climate change impacts. Interpreting velocity requires an assumption that climate trajectory length is proportional to climate change exposure; longer paths suggest greater exposure. However, distance is an imperfect measure of exposure because it does not quantify the extent to which trajectori...

The magnetocaloric effect (MCE) is an intrinsic thermal response of all magnetic solids which has a direct and strong correlation with the corresponding magnetic phase transition. It has been well recognized that the magnetic phase transition can be tuned by adjusting applied pressure. Therefore, we perform the high hydrostatic pressure magnetization measurements (up to 1.4 GPa) on a recently r...

Dimensionality reduction is an important problem in pattern recognition. I n a speech recognition system, the size of the feature set is normally large in the order of 40. Therefore, it is necessary to reduce the dimensionality of the feature space for efficient and effective speech recognition. Two popular methods to reduce the dimensionality of the feature space are Linear Discriminat Analysi...

The purpose of the study was to investigate the potential of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to assess transmural differences in myocardial perfusion. Contrast-enhanced MRI was performed at rest and during hyperemia in a dog model and in 22 patients with single-vessel coronary artery disease. From MR signal intensity-versus-time curves, three perfusion parameters were derived: maximum myocardi...

Feature extraction is an important component of a pattern recognition system. It performs two tasks: transforming input parameter vector into a feature vector and/or reducing its dimensionality. A well-de3ned feature extraction algorithm makes the classi3cation process more e4ective and e5cient. Two popular methods for feature extraction are linear discriminant analysis (LDA) and principal comp...

We present a new method, called the minimum cross-entropy (MCE) method for approximating the optimal solution of NP-hard combinatorial optimization problems and rare-event probability estimation, which can be viewed as an alternative to the standard cross entropy (CE) method. The MCE method presents a generic adaptive stochastic version of Kullback’s classic MinxEnt method. We discuss its simil...

Myocardial Contrast Echocardiography (MCE) is a recent technique that allows to measure regional perfusion in the cardiac wall. Segmentation of MCE sequences would allow simultaneous evaluation of perfusion and wall motion. This paper deals with the application of partial differential equations (PDE) for tracking the endocardial wall. We use a variational optical flow method which we solve nume...

This review presents a brief outline and novel developments of electrophoretic separation in microfluidic chips. Distinct characteristics of microchip electrophoresis (MCE) are discussed first, in which sample injection plug, joule heat, channel turn, surface adsorption and modification are introduced, and some successful strategies and recognized conclusions are also included. Important achiev...