Obese Zucker rats (OZR) have elevated sympathetic nerve activity (SNA) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) compared with lean Zucker rats (LZR). We examined whether altered tonic glutamatergic, angiotensinergic, or GABAergic inputs to the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM) contribute to elevated SNA and MAP in OZR. Male rats (14-18 wk) were anesthetized with urethane (1.5 g/kg iv), ventilated, a...

هدف: به‌کارگیری فناوری رایانش ابری، روند جدیدی در جهان امروز می‌باشد. ابری یکی از فناوری‌های اطلاعاتی نسل جدید است که روز به بیشتر کشورها محبوبیت بیشتری پیدا می‌کند. سال‌های اخیر سازمان‌ها شروع انتخاب مدل‌های خود می‌کنند. مؤسسات آموزشی، به‌ویژه دانشگاه‌ها و مدارس، نمی‌توانند مزایای قابل توجهی را برای آن‌ها همراه دارد، نادیده بگیرند با توجه رو رشد استفاده آن غفلت نمایند. هدف اصلی این پژوهش شناسا...

This RFC provides information for the Internet community about a method for establishing and maintaining SNA sessions over an IP internet. While the issues discussed may not be directly relevant to the research problems of the Internet, they may be interesting to a number of researchers and implementors. Any questions or comments relative to the contents of this RFC may be sent to the following...

Radial glial cells (RGCs) are the main macroglia in the teleost brain and have established roles in neurogenesis and neurosteroidogenesis. They are the only brain cell type expressing aromatase B (cyp19a1b), the enzyme that synthesizes estrogens from androgen precursors. There are few studies on the regulation of RGC functions, but our previous investigations demonstrated that dopamine stimulat...

The sympathetic nervous system plays a pivotal role in homeostasis through its direct innervation and functional impact on a variety of end organs. In rats, a number of methods are available to assess sympathetic nervous system function. Traditionally, direct recording of sympathetic nerve activity (SNA) has been restricted to acute, anesthetized preparations or conscious animals within a few d...

Since humans are under ceaseless orthostatic stress, the mechanisms to maintain arterial pressure (AP) against gravitational fluid shift are important. As one mechanism, it was reported that upright tilt reset baroreflex control of renal sympathetic nerve activity (SNA) to a higher SNA in anesthetized rabbits. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that upright tilt causes a parallel re...

Many developing networks generate spontaneous network activity (SNA) that plays an important role in setting up functional circuitry, but how the proper level and pattern of SNA is itself maintained has not been clear. In this issue of Neuron, Gonzalez-Islas and Wenner show that SNA in the intact embryo regulates itself through a set of adaptive homeostatic plasticity mechanisms.

BACKGROUND Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induces acute inflammation, activates sympathetic nerve activity (SNA) and alters hemodynamics. Since the arterial baroreflex is a negative feedback system to stabilize arterial pressure (AP), examining the arterial baroreflex function is a prerequisite to understanding complex hemodynamics under LPS challenge. We investigated the impact of LPS-induced acute ...