Objective To assess the cost effectiveness of different management strategies for urinary tract infections. Design Cost effectiveness analysis alongside a randomised controlled trial with a one month follow-up. Setting Primary care. Participants 309 non-pregnant adult women aged 18-70 presenting with suspected urinary tract infection. Interventions Patients were randomised to five basic managem...

This article analyses the development of competitive party politics in post-communist East Central Europe from a comparative perspective. The central concerns are party system stabilisation and change in Hungary, Poland, the Czech Republic and Slovakia, and implications for comparative theory. Starting from Lipset and Rokkan’s ‘cleavage model’, the article assesses the relevance of their key va...

OBJECTIVE To determine whether recurrences of urinary tract infection can be prevented with cranberry-lingonberry juice or with Lactobacillus GG drink. DESIGN Open, randomised controlled 12 month follow up trial. SETTING Health centres for university students and staff of university hospital. PARTICIPANTS 150 women with urinary tract infection caused by Escherichia coli randomly allocated...

non-commercial fish species of shrimp trawls were studied monthly from october 2005 to september 2006 in mahshahr creeks (darvish, doragh, bihad, ghazaleh, ghanam, zangi and patil). the trawl nets had a cod-end mesh size of 24mm. total catch was 6431 individuals weighing 55.5kg, and included 14 species of non-commercial fish species belonging to 14 families. the caught shrimp species were from ...

AIM To describe and test a new technique to obtain midstream urine samples in newborns. DESIGN AND METHODS This was a prospective feasibility and safety study conducted in the neonatal unit of University Infanta Sofía Hospital, Madrid. A new technique based on bladder and lumbar stimulation manoeuvres was tested over a period of 4 months in 80 admitted patients aged less than 30 days. The mai...

Hydrodynamically confined flow device technology is a young research area with high practical application potential in surface processing, assay development, and in various areas of single cell research. Several variants have been developed, and most recently, theoretical and conceptual studies, as well as fully developed automated systems, were presented. In this article we review concepts, fa...