BACKGROUND Gastrodia elata Blume (GEB), commonly used medicinal herb, has been reported as a promising candidate for neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease. The dopamine precursor, L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA), is the gold-standard drug for Parkinson's disease, but long-term treatment results in the L-dopa-induced dyskinesia (LID). This study was undertaken to examine t...

The effects of Low Impact Development (LID) practices on urban runoff and pollutants have proven to be positive in many studies. However, the effectiveness of LID practices can vary depending on different urban patterns. In the present study, the performance of LID practices was explored under three land uses with different urban forms: (1) a compact high-density urban form; (2) a conventional ...

Levodopa-induced dyskinesia (LID) represents a major challenge for clinicians treating patients affected by Parkinson's disease (PD). Although levodopa is the most effective treatment for PD, the remodeling effects induced by disease progression and the pharmacologic treatment itself cause a narrowing of the therapeutic window because of the development of LID. Although animal models of PD prov...

THE usual procedure in the Kuhnt-Szymanowski operation is to commence by splitting the lid along the grey line. Sometimes there may be difficulty identifying this line and also the plane into which the splitting of the lid should be carried, because the lid margin is thickened and its direction distorted. It may be found helpful to reverse the order of the customary steps by first excising the ...

Multi-objective optimization linked with an urban stormwater model is used in this study to identify cost-effective low impact development (LID) implementation designs for small urbanizing watersheds. The epsilon-Non-Dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II (ε-NSGAII) has been coupled with the US Environmental Protection Agency’s Stormwater Management Model (SWMM) to balance the costs and the hyd...

Parkinson's disease is characterized by the progressive loss of midbrain dopamine neurons. Dopamine replacement therapy with levodopa alleviates parkinsonian motor symptoms but is complicated by the development of involuntary movements, termed levodopa-induced dyskinesia (LID). Aberrant activity in the striatum has been hypothesized to cause LID. Here, to establish a direct link between striata...

To cite: Hassan AS, Oliphant H, Baddeley P. BMJ Case Rep Published online: [please include Day Month Year] doi:10.1136/bcr-2013201867 DESCRIPTION A 60-year-old man presented with a 2-year history of gradually worsening ptosis affecting his left upper lid. Nine years ago he had undergone excision of a left acoustic neuroma; this resulted in a left-sided facial palsy, which was partially treated ...

BACKGROUND Recent studies have shown that expression of G protein-coupled receptor kinase 6 (GRK6) and β-arrestin1 in the striatum is closely associated with hyperactive dopamine receptors in rats with levodopa-induced dyskinesia (LID). Our research group has shown that Tianqi antitremor granules have a significant effect on the motor complications of Parkinson's disease (PD). However, whether ...

On examination, vision in the right eye was 6/9. There was periorbital edema and tenderness most marked in the lateral upper lid. On lid retraction (Fig. 1) there was localised chemosis, and an enlarged vascular lacrimal swelling with vellow purulent material in the upper temporal fornix. Extreme lateral gaze was slightly limited but there was no fluctuant area in the lid. Systemically he had a...