One of the most important effects ionospheric modification by high power, frequency (HF) waves is generation ultra low frequency/extremely frequency/very (ULF/ELF/VLF) modulated heating. This paper reviews scientific achievements past five decades regarding main mechanisms excitation ULF/ELF/VLF and discusses their characteristics, such as electrojet dependency, location source region, continuo...

[1] The magnitudes of scattered fields produced during early/fast very low frequency (VLF) events observed at 13 closely spaced ( 65 km) sites are compared with those expected for sprite halo disturbances using a numerical model of wave propagation within the Earth-ionosphere waveguide. Three different early/fast events of varying magnitudes are analyzed using three different nighttime ambient ...

[1] To characterize lightning processes that produce terrestrial gamma ray flashes (TGFs), we have analyzed broadband (<1 Hz to 30 kHz) lightning magnetic fields for TGFs detected by the Reuven Ramaty High Energy Solar Spectroscopic Imager (RHESSI) satellite in 2004–2009. The majority (96%) of 56 TGF‐associated lightning signals contain single or multiple VLF impulses superposed on a slow pulse...

The advent of industry 4.0 and the continuous digitalization production ask for enhancement human skills competences in field information communication technology (ICT). Therefore, higher education has to keep pace with global market needs necessary ICT overall understanding complexity industries 21st century. This paper focuses on development integration Virtual Learning Factory (VLF) tools th...

Muthurajawela Marsh and Negombo Lagoon have lost their marshland mangroves from 41% 21% accordingly 1997 to 2017. Vegetation land fragmentation (VLF) is the foremost reason that accelerates vegetation cover change. However, Sri Lanka has not been given sufficient attention investigate VLF with case studies. Further, patterns like dissecting, shrinking, disappearing are still essential empirical...

Viruses are usually thought to form parasitic associations with hosts, but all members of the family Polydnaviridae are obligate mutualists of insects called parasitoid wasps. Phylogenetic data founded on sequence comparisons of viral genes indicate that polydnaviruses in the genus Bracovirus (BV) are closely related to pathogenic nudiviruses and baculoviruses. However, pronounced differences i...

"Cardiac and respiratory oscillations have been shown to interact with each other. This interaction could reflect autonomic nervous system functionality. Propofol-induced yawning during anesthesia induction seems to be associated with sympathetic activation. Presumptively, there is high linearity among interaction of different physiologic system behaviors. Recently, investigators used coher...

A chorus generation mechanism is discussed, which is based on interrelation of ELF/VLF noise-like and discrete emissions under the cyclotron wave-particle interactions. A natural ELF/VLF noise radiation is excited by the cyclotron instability mechanism in ducts with enhanced cold plasma density or at the plasmapause. This process is accompanied by a step-like deformation of the energetic electr...

Two mathematical methods, the Fourier and wavelet transforms, were used to study the short term cardiovascular control system. Time series, picked from electrocardiogram and arterial blood pressure lasting 6 minutes, were analyzed in supine position (SUP), during the first (HD1), and the second half (HD2) of 90◦ head down tilt and during recovery (REC). The wavelet transform was performed using...