Due to its structure, hexamethylenetetramine (HMT) is a slowly biodegradable substance, hydrolysing in acid environment to ammonium and formaldehyde. Formaldehyde is toxic under normal conditions for biological treatment processes. Following an adaptation, a formaldehyde concentration of 1000 mg·l may become biodegradable both in aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Acidic conditions for hydrolysi...

In this study, the problem of multiplexing VBR and ABR traac is considered. VBR is uncontrollable, while ABR is provided the remaining service capacity in a controllable fashion. While in a given state, the VBR source is supposed to transmit at a xed rate; the VBR time scale is then deened in terms of the time constant associated with the rate of change of the rate of the VBR source. ABR source...

| EEcient support for scalable multipoint-to-multipoint (mpt-mpt) communication in ATM has recently become a hot topic of discussion at the ATM Forum. In our previous study 11], we presented a new class of eecient switch algorithms for point-to-multipoint (pt-mpt) ABR service that deliver high performance in terms of fairness and link utilization and are signiicantly simpler to implement than o...

The auditory brainstem response (ABR) to clicks is widely used for early detection of hearing loss in the child at risk for hearing dysfunction, but there is a lack of direct, large-sample estimates of test accuracy. In this report, results and preliminary analyses are presented that relate click ABR thresholds obtained at 3 to 12 months corrected age to detailed follow-up behavioral puretone a...

With the increasing deterioration of world water resources, configuring a technical and economic viable wastewater treatment and recycle technology to satisfying the increasing complexity of wastewater and stringent environmental regulation has been a great challenge over the past decades. Developing reliable technologies for wastewater treatment is of urgent importance. In recent years, anaero...

The Available Bit Rate (ABR) service has been developed to support data applications over Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM). The ABR service uses a closed-loop rate-based traac management framework where the network divides available bandwidth among contending sources. The ATM Forum then worked on incorporating open-loop control capabilities to make the ABR service robust to temporary network fa...

This work refers to an ATM satellite system, supporting different QoS classes via the standard ATM traffic categories, i.e. Constant Bit Rate (CBR), Variable Bit Rate (VBR), Available Bit Rate (ABR) and Unspecified Bit Rate (UBR). The focus of this work is on ABR (i.e. closed loop control) and the central issue is to find trade-offs between a high ABR throughput and processing burden/buffer spa...

We extend our earlier study of buffer requirements of TCP over ABR in two directions. First, we study the performance of TCP over ABR in an ATM backbone. On the backbone, the TCP queues are at the edge router and not inside the ATM network. The router requires buffer equal to the sum of the receiver window sizes of the participating TCP connections. Second, we introduce various patterns of VBR ...

The Available Bit Rate (ABR) service has been developed to support data applications over Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM). The ABR service uses a closed-loop rate-based traac management framework where the network divides available bandwidth among contending sources. The ATM Forum then worked on incorporating open-loop control capabilities to make the ABR service robust to temporary network fa...

Little is known about how outer hair cell loss interacts with noise-induced and age-related auditory nerve degradation (i.e., cochlear synaptopathy) to affect auditory brainstem response (ABR) wave characteristics. Given that listeners with impaired audiograms likely suffer from mixtures of these hearing deficits and that ABR amplitudes have successfully been used to isolate synaptopathy in lis...