The propagule dispersal pattern of the two common mangrove species, Avicennia marina (Forsk.) Vierh. and Rhizophora apiculata Blume at a fringed coast, in southwest tip Penang Island was examined. Propagule study both species were carried out by release recapture method, while early developments observed an on-site tethering system. A. propagules recorded higher rate as compared to R. apiculata...

This study aims to determine the bioconcentration of heavy metal Lead Pb in seawater, sediment, and mangrove plants Avicennia marina factor which was conducted January 2022 Mangunharjo coastal area. The method used this research a survey with quantitative analysis. samples A. mangroves were divided into three categories stem diameter, namely small (3 – 8 cm), medium (6 15 large (11 23 cm). Meas...

The antibacterial activity of the leaves and bark of mangrove plants, Avicennia marina, A. officinalis, Bruguiera sexangula, Exoecaria agallocha, Lumnitzera racemosa, and Rhizophora apiculata was evaluated against antibiotic resistant pathogenic bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus and Proteus sp. Soxhlet extracts of petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, ethanol and water were prepared and evaluated the a...