OBJECTIVE To identify and appraise the evidence for an association between laryngomalacia (LM) and acid reflux through a systematic review of the existing literature. DATA SOURCES MEDLINE, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, and collected additional publications cited in bibliographies. REVIEW METHODS Literature search by both authors with structured criteria to select studies eva...

The bacterial pathogen Listeria monocytogenes ( Lm) is the causative agent of listeriosis, a rare but fatal foodborne disease. During infection, Lm can traverse several host barriers and enter the cytosol of a variety of cell types. Thus, consideration of the extracellular and intracellular niches of Lm is critical for understanding the infection process. Here, we review advances in our underst...

Rapid, selective particle separation and concentration within the bacterial size range (1–3 lm) in clinical or environmental samples promises significant improvements in detection of pathogenic microorganisms in areas including diagnostics and bio-defence. It has been proposed that microfluidic Dean flow-based separation might offer simple, efficient sample clean-up: separation of larger, bioas...

Listeria monocytogenes (Lm) evades being killed after phagocytosis by macrophages by escaping from vacuoles into cytoplasm. Activated macrophages are listericidal, in part because they can retain Lm in vacuoles. This study examined the contribution of reactive oxygen intermediates (ROI) and reactive nitrogen intermediates (RNI) to the inhibition of Lm escape from vacuoles. Lm escaped from vacuo...

BACKGROUND Soft tissue defects of the lateral malleolus (LM) and Achilles tendon pose difficult reconstructive problems due to the bony prominence and limited local tissue available. The objectives were to study the anatomical landmarks of the lateral calcaneal artery (LCA) and patency of LCA in atherosclerotic patients. METHODS Part I: Thirty-four cadaveric feet were dissected to identify th...

23 Neutrophil (PMNL) influx precedes lung macrophage (LM) influx into the lung following 24 exposure of newborn pups to 60% O2. We hypothesized that PMNL were responsible for the 25 signals leading to LM influx. This was confirmed when inhibition of PMNL influx with a CXC 26 chemokine receptor-2 antagonist, SB-265610, also prevented the 60% O2-dependent LM influx, 27 LM-derived nitrotyrosine fo...

A correlation is made between the appearances of the nexus ("gap junction") as revealed by thin-section and by freeze-cleave electron microscopy techniques. These methods reveal different aspects of a complex subunit assembly forming the nexus membranes. In thin sections, the nexus is formed by the very close apposition of two "unit" membranes. The electron-opaque tracer, colloidal lanthanum hy...

In situ measurements of velocity and size distributions of initially monodisperse water mists of initial diameters ranging from 14 lm to 42 lm seeded into the air stream of non-premixed propane/air counterflow flames are reported. Droplets were generated piezoelectrically, and the size and velocity distributions and the number density were determined by phase-Doppler particle anemometry. Drople...

PURPOSE To date, response criteria and optimal methods for assessment of outcome have not been standardized in patients with leptomeningeal metastasis (LM). METHODS A Response Assessment in Neuro-Oncology working group of experts in LM critically reviewed published literature regarding randomized clinical trials (RCTs) and trial design in patients with LM. RESULTS A literature review determ...