Purified protein derivative (PPD) is a widely used reagent for the diagnosis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. Recently, the molecular composition of PPD was defined, with hundreds of mycobacterial protein representatives making up PPD. Which, if any, of these specific products drive the potency of PPD remains in question. In this study, two proteins (DnaK and GroEL2) previously identifi...

Tuberculin purified protein derivative (PPD) has been prepared by seven different precipitation methods from culture filtrate of Mycobacterium tuberculosis var. hominis. It was found to contain 48 to 99% tuberculoprotein, depending on the method of precipitation. The remaining percentage is represented by nucleic acid, polysaccharide, and ash. Activation analysis on tuberculin PPD and on tuberc...

Postpartum depression (PPD) affects over 10% of new mothers and adversely impacts the health of offspring. One of the greatest risk factors for PPD is prepregnancy stress but the underlying biological mechanism is unknown. Here we constructed an animal model which recapitulated prepregnancy stress induced PPD and tested the role of Akt-mTOR signaling in the hippocampus. Female virgin Balb/c mic...

Since little is known about Tc cells in the human immune response to intracellular parasites, we have studied the role of Tc cells in response to M. bovis Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG). Donors whose PBMC responded to BCG, purified protein derivative (PPD), and the recombinant 65-kD heat shock protein (HSP) of BCG generated BCG/PPD-specific CD4+ effector T lymphocytes that lysed PPD as well as ...

Enzymatic removal of the methoxycarbonyl group of pheophorbide (Pheid) a in chlorophyll degradation was investigated in cotyledons of radish (Raphanus sativus). The enzyme pheophorbidase (PPD) catalyzes the conversion of Pheid a to a precursor of pyropheophorbide (PyroPheid), C-13(2)-carboxylPyroPheid a, by demethylation, and then the precursor is decarboxylated nonenzymatically to yield PyroPh...

BACKGROUND Up to 20% of women experience postpartum depression (PPD). PPD is associated with anxiety and poor health-related quality of life (HRQOL). Efficacious treatments are critical; many women with PPD prefer complementary therapies. Thus, the current study examined yoga as a complementary therapy for PPD. METHODS Fifty-seven postpartum women with scores ≥12 on the Hamilton Depression Ra...

Para-phenylene diamine ( PPD ) systemic intoxication in Saudi Arabia has been increased over the last decade. The aim of the this study was to provide more insight into PPD intoxication with reviewing possible underlying mechanisms. The topical treatment with PPD (2mg/kg) for 5 weeks and its subsequent withdrawal caused decreased in monoamines (noerepinephrine, dopamine, serotonin and histamine...

In a previous report, we demonstrated that ginsenoside Rc, one of major ginsenosides from Panax ginseng, enhances γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptorA (GABAA)-mediated ion channel currents. However, little is known about the effects of ginsenoside metabolites on GABAA receptor channel activity. The present study investigated the effects of ginsenoside metabolites on human recombinant GABAA rece...

The core element of the PROFES improvement methodology is the concept of product-process dependency (PPD) models. The purpose of PPD models is to help focus process improvement activities to those development technologies and processes that are most effective with regards to achieving specific customer-defined product quality goals. This paper describes how system dynamics simulation models can...